Diferencias cinemáticas entre el revés a una y dos manos de tenis usando giróscopos. Un estudio exploratorio
Resumen
El objetivo principal del presente estudio es comparar la cinemática angular y la coordinación intersegmentaria del tren superior entre el revés a una y dos manos de tenis en una muestra de 20 jugadores de nivel competición mediante el uso de giróscopos, y comparar las velocidades de pelota y la precisión obtenidas en ambos tipos de revés. La cinemática angular, la coordinación intersegmentaria, la velocidad de pelota y la precisión se obtuvieron de cada jugador mediante una prueba de golpeo realizada con cuatro sensores inerciales colocados (tronco, cabeza, brazo y antebrazo). Se sostiene la hipótesis de que se encontraran diferencias significativas en términos de ωpico y coordinación intersegmentaria en alguno de los segmentos intervinientes en el revés a una y dos manos, pero sucederá lo contrario en las variables velocidad de pelota y precisión. Tras el análisis de los resultados, no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el revés a una y dos manos en velocidad de pelota y precisión. Sin embargo, se encontraron velocidades angulares pico significativamente más altas en el tronco y brazo sobre el eje x en el revés a dos manos, lo que podría indicar que este tipo de revés genera una rotación de tronco y una rotación externa de brazo y antebrazo mayores que las del revés a una mano. Las velocidades angulares pico fueron significativamente mayores en el brazo y antebrazo sobre el eje z en el caso del revés a una mano, lo cual está relacionado con una mayor extensión del antebrazo acompañada de una terminación más alta del gesto técnico. En conclusión, el modelo propuesto de análisis biomecánico a través del uso de giróscopos es especialmente útil para el análisis cinemático de los golpes de tenis en estudios de campo y podría adaptarse fácilmente a otros deportes, suponiendo una alternativa portable y de bajo coste que además incluye toda la instrumentación y procesamiento de los datos.
Citas
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Derechos de autor 2022 International Journal of Racket Sports Science
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