Efecto del bádminton en la mejora de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca y la composición corporal de jugadores aficionados con sobrepeso y obesidad: ensayo controlado aleatorio
Palabras clave:
deportes recreativos, control del peso, IMC, sistema nervioso autónomo, VFC, jugador de bádminton, entrenamiento aeróbico, pérdida de grasa, pérdida de peso y obesidad
Resumen
El ejercicio físico regular mejora la función autonómica en personas con obesidad, tal y como indica la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca (VFC). Aunque el bádminton, un deporte de alta intensidad por intervalos, puede ofrecer beneficios similares, su investigación empírica sigue siendo limitada. Este ensayo controlado aleatorio y simple ciego evaluó el impacto del bádminton en la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca (VFC) y la composición corporal en jugadores recreativos con sobrepeso y obesidad (IMC entre 23 y 30 kg/m2). 100 participantes fueron asignados aleatoriamente a un grupo de intervención de bádminton o a un grupo de control. El grupo de intervención practicó entre 60 y 90 minutos de bádminton de intensidad moderada y entrenamiento de resistencia en el gimnasio, mientras que el grupo de control siguió un régimen que combinaba ejercicio aeróbico en el gimnasio y entrenamiento de resistencia. Las mediciones iniciales y posteriores a la intervención incluyeron índices de VFC, porcentaje de grasa corporal total (%GCT), índice cintura-cadera (ICC) e índice de masa corporal (IMC). Los resultados mostraron mejoras significativas en la VFC en ambos grupos, y el grupo de intervención presentó mayores aumentos en la media cuadrática de las diferencias sucesivas (RMSSD) (41,32 ± 10,58 a 58,06 ± 5,57) y la desviación estándar de los intervalos R-R normales (SDNN) (50,94 ± 10,91 a 62,16 ± 5,97) en comparación con el grupo de control (RMSSD: p = 0,026; SDNN: p<0,001). Además, ambos grupos experimentaron reducciones significativas en el IMC y el %GCT, con cambios más pronunciados en el grupo de intervención (IMC: p<0,001; %GT: p<0,001 y ICC :p<0,001). Los resultados sugieren que el entrenamiento estructurado de bádminton mejora eficazmente la VFC y la composición corporal en personas con sobrepeso y obesidad, lo que respalda su potencial como actividad física beneficiosa para esta población. En futuros estudios se deberían explorar los efectos a largo plazo del bádminton en diversas poblaciones para validar aún más sus beneficios.
Citas
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35. Songsorn P, Somnarin K, Jaitan S, Kupradit A. The effect of whole-body high-intensity interval training on heart rate variability in insufficiently active adults. J Exerc Sci Fit. 2022 Jan;20(1):48–53.
36. Kim J-W, Ko Y-C, Seo T-B, Kim Y-P. Effect of circuit training on body composition, physical fitness, and metabolic syndrome risk factors in obese female college students. J Exerc Rehabil. 2018 Jun 30;14(3):460–5.
37. Boutcher SH. High-intensity intermittent exercise and fat loss. J Obes. 2011;2011:868305.
38. Martínez-Rodríguez A, Rubio-Arias JA, García-De Frutos JM, Vicente-Martínez M, Gunnarsson TP. Effect of high-intensity interval training and intermittent fasting on body composition and physical performance in active women. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jun 14;18(12):6431.
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41. Spring KE, Holmes ME, Smith JW. Long-term tennis participation and health outcomes: An investigation of “lifetime” activities. Int J Exerc Sci. 2020 Sep 1;13(7):1251–61.
2. Obesity [Internet]. [cited 2024 Sep 9]. Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/obesity
3. Rastović M, Srdić-Galić B, Barak O, Stokić E, Polovina S. Aging, heart rate variability and metabolic impact of obesity. Acta Clin Croat. 2019 Sep;58(3):430–8.
4. Chung GK-K, Hung H, Vargas DC, Lee W, Sharma B, Tong LS, et al. Risk factors associated with general and abdominal obesity among South Asian minorities in Hong Kong. Health Educ Behav. 2024 Aug 24;10901981241267992.
5. Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, China National Diabetic Chronic Complications Study Group. Complex association among diet styles, sleep patterns, and obesity in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2023 Mar 11;16:749–67.
6. Rossing P, Hansen TW, Kümler T. Cardiovascular and non-renal complications of chronic kidney disease: Managing risk. Diabetes Obes Metab [Internet]. 2024 Jul 9; Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dom.15747
7. Stedman M, Robinson A, Dunn G, Meza-Torres B, Gibson JM, Reeves ND, et al. Diabetes foot complications and standardized mortality rate in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2023 Dec;25(12):3662–70.
8. Sinha MK, Maiya GA, Moga AM, K N S, Shankar N R, K V. Exercise dose-response relationship with heart rate variability in individuals with overweight and obesity: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open. 2022 Apr 25;12(4):e047821.
9. Baser O, Samayoa G, Rodchenko K, Isenman L, Baser E, Yapar N. The association between weight loss medications and cardiovascular complications. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2024 Jul;32(7):1401–9.
10. Verma S, Verma A, Kanodia N, Srivastava S, Ansari S, Tewari A, et al. Exploring the synergy between hyperuricemia, obesity, and hypertension: Evidence from urban India. Hypertens J. 2024 Apr 25;10(1):13–8.
11. New WHO/Europe report highlights a direct link between COVID-19 and increased obesity in school-aged children [Internet]. [cited 2024 Sep 9]. Available from: https://www.who.int/europe/news/item/01-05-2024-new-who-europe-report-highlights-a-direct-link-between-covid-19-and-increased-obesity-in-school-aged-children
12. Perissiou M, Borkoles E, Kobayashi K, Polman R. The effect of an 8 week prescribed exercise and low-carbohydrate diet on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese individuals: A randomised controlled trial. Nutrients. 2020 Feb 14;12(2):482.
13. Sinha MK, K V, Maiya AG, K N S, U S, N RS. Association of physical activity and heart rate variability in people with overweight and obesity: A systematic review. F1000Res. 2023 Feb 10;12:156.
14. Hernández-Reyes A, Cámara-Martos F, Molina-Luque R, Romero-Saldaña M, Molina-Recio G, Moreno-Rojas R. Changes in body composition with a hypocaloric diet combined with sedentary, moderate and high-intense physical activity: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Womens Health [Internet]. 2019 Dec [cited 2024 Sep 9];19(1). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6935245/
15. Hoffmann D, Brinkschulte M, Vogt T. Match characteristics of women’s and men’s singles and doubles events in elite badminton. Int J Perform Anal Sport. 2024 Aug 13;1–18.
16. Shaffer F, Ginsberg JP. An overview of heart rate variability metrics and norms. Front Public Health. 2017 Sep 28;5:258.
17. Lin LL-C, Chen Y-J, Lin T-Y, Weng T-C. Effects of resistance training intensity on heart rate variability at rest and in response to orthostasis in middle-aged and older adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Aug 25;19(17):10579.
18. O’Donoghue G, Blake C, Cunningham C, Lennon O, Perrotta C. What exercise prescription is optimal to improve body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in adults living with obesity? A network meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2021 Feb;22(2):e13137.
19. Martin-Smith R, Cox A, Buchan DS, Baker JS, Grace F, Sculthorpe N. High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) improves Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF) in healthy, overweight and obese adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Apr 24;17(8):2955.
20. Fisher G, Brown AW, Bohan Brown MM, Alcorn A, Noles C, Winwood L, et al. High intensity interval- vs moderate intensity- training for improving cardiometabolic health in overweight or obese males: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2015 Oct 21;10(10):e0138853.
21. Cao M, Tang Y, Li S, Zou Y. Effects of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obesity children and adolescents: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Nov 12;18(22):11905.
22. Yi P, China Swimming College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing,China, Rui C, Enyang H, School of Physical Education, Qujing Normal University, Yunnan, China, China Swimming College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China. A comparative study of body composition and aerobic capacity between water and land exercise walking in male college students with mild obesity. J PhyMed Rehab Stud Rep. 2024 Jul 31;1–12.
23. Jakše B, Gilić B, Đurović M, Šajber D. The effects of an eight-week swimming program on body composition and assessment of dietary intake in post-COVID-19 patients. J Nutr Metab. 2024 Mar 27;2024:3037784.
24. Moraes RCM, Sá NAR, Neto VMS, Martins MCC, Portari GV, Ceccatto VM, et al. Experimental training by swimming or running: influence of body composition in aerobic performance in a ovariectomised model of obesity. Comp Exerc Physiol. 2016 Sep 15;12(3):151–6.
25. Bagot S, Pélissier L, Pereira B, Chanséaume Bussiere E, Duclos M, Dulloo A, et al. Weight regain, body composition, and metabolic responses to weight loss in weight cycling athletes: A systematic review and meta-analyses. Obes Rev. 2024 Feb;25(2):e13658.
26. Jebb SA, Goldberg GR, Coward WA, Murgatroyd PR, Prentice AM. Effects of weight cycling caused by intermittent dieting on metabolic rate and body composition in obese women. Int J Obes. 1991 May;15(5):367–74.
27. Sousa PS, Sabugueiro D, Felizardo V, Couto R, Pires I, Garcia NM. MHealth sensors and applications for personal aid. In: Springer Series in Bio-/Neuroinformatics. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 265–81.
28. Durnin JVGA, Womersley J. Body fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skinfold thickness: measurements on 481 men and women aged from 16 to 72 Years. Br J Nutr. 1974 Jul;32(01):77–97.
29. Donnelly JE, Blair SN, Jakicic JM, Manore MM, Rankin JW, Smith BK. Appropriate physical activity intervention strategies for weight loss and prevention of weight regain for adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 Feb;41(2):459–71.
30. Dias ARL, de Souza KA, Dos Santos KM, de Miranda RM, Serra AJ, Peçanha T, et al. Ambulatory heart rate variability in overweight and obese men after high-intensity interval exercise versus moderate-intensity continuous exercise. EJSS (Champaign). 2022 Jul;22(7):1113–21.
31. Guimarães AP, Seidel H, Pires LV de M, Trindade CO, Baleeiro RDS, Souza PM de, et al. GABA supplementation, increased heart-rate variability, emotional response, sleep efficiency and reduced depression in sedentary overweight women undergoing physical exercise: Placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. J Diet Suppl. 2024 Feb 6;21(4):512–26.
32. Godfrey KM, Juarascio A, Manasse S, Minassian A, Risbrough V, Afari N. Heart rate variability and emotion regulation among individuals with obesity and loss of control eating. Physiol Behav. 2019 Feb 1;199:73–8.
33. Dias RM, Moraes ÍAP, Dantas MTAP, Fernani DCGL, Fontes AMGG, Silveira AC, et al. Influence of chronic exposure to exercise on heart rate variability in children and adolescents affected by obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Oct 21;18(21):11065.
34. Plaza-Florido A, Migueles JH, Mora-Gonzalez J, Molina-Garcia P, Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Cadenas-Sanchez C, et al. The role of heart rate on the associations between body composition and heart rate variability in children with overweight/obesity: The ActiveBrains project. Front Physiol. 2019 Jul 16;10:895.
35. Songsorn P, Somnarin K, Jaitan S, Kupradit A. The effect of whole-body high-intensity interval training on heart rate variability in insufficiently active adults. J Exerc Sci Fit. 2022 Jan;20(1):48–53.
36. Kim J-W, Ko Y-C, Seo T-B, Kim Y-P. Effect of circuit training on body composition, physical fitness, and metabolic syndrome risk factors in obese female college students. J Exerc Rehabil. 2018 Jun 30;14(3):460–5.
37. Boutcher SH. High-intensity intermittent exercise and fat loss. J Obes. 2011;2011:868305.
38. Martínez-Rodríguez A, Rubio-Arias JA, García-De Frutos JM, Vicente-Martínez M, Gunnarsson TP. Effect of high-intensity interval training and intermittent fasting on body composition and physical performance in active women. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jun 14;18(12):6431.
39. Wewege M, van den Berg R, Ward RE, Keech A. The effects of high-intensity interval training vs. moderate-intensity continuous training on body composition in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2017 Jun;18(6):635–46.
40. Liu Y, Abdullah BB, Abu Saad HB. Effects of high-intensity interval training on strength, speed, and endurance performance among racket sports players: A systematic review. PLoS One. 2024 Jan 5;19(1):e0295362.
41. Spring KE, Holmes ME, Smith JW. Long-term tennis participation and health outcomes: An investigation of “lifetime” activities. Int J Exerc Sci. 2020 Sep 1;13(7):1251–61.
Publicado
2025-10-28
Cómo citar
Dominic, D., Thirugnana Sambandam, S., & Anburaj, H. (2025). Efecto del bádminton en la mejora de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca y la composición corporal de jugadores aficionados con sobrepeso y obesidad: ensayo controlado aleatorio. International Journal of Racket Sports Science, 7(2), 8-20. https://doi.org/10.30827/ijrss.35098
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Derechos de autor 2025 International Journal of Racket Sports Science
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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