2026-05-01T02:36:22Z https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/oai

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/5 2023-04-21T03:50:21Z ijrss:ART

A tennis field test to objectively measure the hitting accuracy based on an Excel spreadsheet Delgado-García, Gabriel Vanrenterghem, Jos Courel-Ibáñez, Javier Ruiz-Malagón, Emilio J. Ruiz-Alias, Santiago Soto-Hermoso, Víctor M. tennis stroke precision testing racket sports software Stroke accuracy is highly related with tennis performance and has traditionally been quantified using general areas of scoring. Hence there is a need to develop methods that allow accuracy to be measured with higher resolution. The aim of the work is to develop a field test and an Excel spreadsheet associated that allows to evaluate the accuracy of the strokes with a resolution up to centimetres and to study how shots landings are distributed. The test consists of 4 series of 20 groundstrokes performed in the down the line or cross-court direction (this is modifiable). The 2D coordinates of bounce of the ball is recorded with a camera, digitalized using a specialized software and introduced in the Excel spreadsheet. Then it computes a series of parameters that describe the 95% confidence ellipse of the shot landing on the court. A real example of the test outcomes of two advanced players – performing forehands and backhands down the line- is shown. Consistent with previous literature both players obtained a better accuracy in the mediolateral direction than in the longitudinal direction and ellipses were oriented almost parallel to the sideline (ellipse tilts were below 12 degrees in all cases). Ellipse area was considerably greater for the backhand than for the forehand in player two (38.8 vs. 55.5 m2) but not in player one (51.5 vs. 50.8 m2). Finally, the centre location of the ellipse in the longitudinal axis was positive in all cases (near 200 cm) which suggest that both players preferred to make short shots rather than send the ball out of the limits of the baseline. We conclude that this methodology can be used by researchers that want to assess accuracy with high resolution and by coaches that want to evaluate -with high sensibility- the player progression after a training program. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2019-12-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/5 10.30827/Digibug.59705 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 1 No 2 (2019): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 24-36 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 1 Núm. 2 (2019): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 24-36 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/5/22

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/8 2023-04-21T03:49:54Z ijrss:ART

Does ischemic pre-conditioning during the recovery period between two successive matches preserve physical performance in badminton doubles players? ¿Sirve el precondicionamiento isquémico durante el período de recuperación entre dos partidos consecutivos para mantener el rendimiento físico en jugadores de dobles de bádminton? Girard, Olivier Brocherie, Franck Ihsan, Mohammed Blood flow restriction Recovery strategy On-court performance Muscle oxygenation Racket sports Changes in physical performance were assessed in response to two successive doubles badminton matches with implementation of ischemic pre-conditioning (IPC) or sham treatment during recovery period between matches. Eight French national team badminton players (4 males, 4 females) performed two successive doubles matches (2 × 45 min), with 60 min of recovery in-between, during which they received three 5-min cycles of either an IPC (220 mmHg) or a sham (SHAM) (50 mmHg) intervention. A series of physical tests was performed immediately following the first (Post 1) and second (Post 2) match. Jump height (squat and countermovement jumps), leg power (multi-rebound jumps) and sprint time (L-test) remained unchanged from Post 1 to Post 2 (all P>0.193), and did not differ between conditions (all P>0.173). During a badminton-specific repeated-agility test, neither performance-related variables (i.e., best time, total time and sprint decrement score) nor vastus lateralis muscle tissue saturation index displayed a main effect for condition (all P>0.116), time (all P>0.091) or time × condition interaction (all P>0.730). Implementing IPC during the recovery period between successive doubles badminton demonstrated no beneficial effect on physical performance and muscle oxygenation trends. Evaluamos los cambios en el rendimiento físico en respuesta a dos partidos de dobles de bádminton sucesivos con la implementación de preacondicionamiento isquémico (IPC) o tratamiento simulado durante el período de recuperación entre los partidos. Ocho jugadores de bádminton de la selección francesa (4 hombres, 4 mujeres) realizaron dos partidos de dobles sucesivos (2 × 45 min), con 60 min de recuperación entre ellos, durante los cuales recibieron tres ciclos de 5 min de intervención de IPC (220 mmHg) o de tratamiento simulado (SHAM) (50 mmHg). Se realizó una serie de pruebas físicas inmediatamente después del primer (Post 1) y segundo (Post 2) partido. La altura del salto (saltos en cuclillas y de contramovimiento), la potencia de las piernas (saltos de rebote múltiple) y el tiempo de sprint (prueba de la L) se mantuvieron sin cambios desde el Post 1 al Post 2 (todos p>0,193), y no difirieron entre las condiciones (todos p>0,173). Durante una prueba de agilidad repetida específica de bádminton, ni las variables relacionadas con el rendimiento (es decir, el mejor tiempo, el tiempo total y la puntuación de disminución del sprint) ni el índice de saturación del tejido muscular del vasto lateral mostraron un efecto principal para la condición (todos p> 0,116), el tiempo ( todo p> 0,091) o interacción tiempo × condición (todo p> 0,730). La aplicación del CPI durante el período de recuperación entre dobles sucesivos de bádminton no demostró ningún efecto beneficioso en el rendimiento físico y las tendencias de oxigenación muscular. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2020-12-23 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/8 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 2 No 2 (2020): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 1-8 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 2 Núm. 2 (2020): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 1-8 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/8/9 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/8/15 Copyright (c) 2020 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/9 2025-11-19T19:45:45Z ijrss:ART

A Literature Review on Coach-Athlete Relationship in Table Tennis Martinent, Guillaume Ansnes, Eirik Attachment Style Autonomy Supportive Coaching Style Coach Behaviour Communication Performance Coach-athlete relationship is a salient factor in table-tennis as it impacts players’ performance and well-being. The structure and set up in table tennis is often designed so the players and coaches are working together through many stages in the players’ career. For instance, it is not uncommon for coaches of young table tennis players to accompany their respective players to the senior international elite level. Indeed, the access to the knowledge base regarding coach-athlete relationship represents a major issue for the different stakeholders involved in table-tennis (coaches, athletes, parents, sport psychologists, researchers). To that end, we firstly overviewed and discussed the different theoretical models exploring the concept of coach-athlete relationship to clarify the core dimensions of this construct. Secondly, we provided a rationale behind the salient role of coach-athlete relationship in table tennis by detailing its consequences in order to better understand the mechanisms underlying coach-athlete relationship. Thirdly, we addressed how table tennis coaches can develop and/or maintain an adaptive coach-athlete relationship, especially in reference to specific situations in table tennis. In conclusion, the coach-athlete relationship is a particularly important parameter in the daily life of the table tennis players due to its influence on their performance and well-being. Thus, it is essential that the coaches establish relationship promoting athletes’ development throughout their career. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2020-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/9 10.30827/Digibug.63717 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 2 No 1 (2020): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 9-21 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 2 Núm. 1 (2020): Enero - Junio | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 9-21 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/9/4

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/10 2023-04-21T03:49:54Z ijrss:ART

Benefits of an intervention programme with racket sports in primary school students Beneficios de un programa de intervención con deportes de raqueta en estudiantes de primaria Ruiz-Malagón, Emilio J Delgado-García, Gabriel López-Gutiérrez, Elena Zurita-Ortega, Felix Soto-Hermoso, Víctor M. Motivational climate PMCSQ-2 tennis badminton paddle This experimental study is aimed at implementing a one-month racket sports programme within a sample of students aged 9 to 13 years in order to analyze its motivational climate effects during physical education lessons in a primary school context. The intervention programme was carried out on 40 of the 285 participants, the rest of the sample were used for descriptive purposes. The subjects participated voluntarily and were randomly assigned to one of two groups: control (n = 20) and experimental (n = 20). The programme consisted of eight sessions of different racket sports (tennis, paddle, badminton and table tennis). Motivational climate was extracted from the “Questionnaire of Motivational Climate Perceived in Sport” (PMCSQ-2). PMCSQ-2 reported two dimensions, task and ego. Regarding the results obtained, no changes were found in the control group. However, in the experimental group there was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the orientation towards the task (3.22 vs 4.36), leading to the detriment of the ego orientation (3.4 vs 2.25). Thus, racket sports activity seem to be adequate to change motivational orientation towards the task, which has been reported to increase intrinsic motivation and to reduce stress and anxiety in physical education lessons. Este estudio experimental tiene como objetivo aplicar un programa de deportes de raqueta de un mes de duración en una muestra de estudiantes de 9 a 13 años de edad, a fin de analizar sus efectos en el clima de motivación durante las clases de educación física en un contexto de escuela primaria. El programa de intervención se llevó a cabo en 40 de los 285 participantes. El resto de la muestra se utilizó con fines descriptivos. Los sujetos participaron voluntariamente y fueron asignados al azar a uno de los dos grupos: control (n = 20) y experimental (n = 20). El programa consistió en ocho sesiones de diferentes deportes de raqueta (tenis, pádel, bádminton y tenis de mesa). El clima motivacional se extrajo del "Cuestionario de clima motivacional percibido en el deporte" (PMCSQ-2). El PMCSQ-2 informó de dos dimensiones: tarea y ego. En cuanto a los resultados obtenidos, no se encontraron cambios en el grupo de control. Sin embargo, en el grupo experimental hubo un aumento significativo (p < 0,05) en la orientación hacia la tarea (3,22 vs 4,36), lo que va en detrimento de la orientación del ego (3,4 vs 2,25). Por lo tanto, los deportes de raqueta parecen ser adecuados para cambiar la orientación motivacional hacia la tarea, que se ha comprobado que aumenta la motivación intrínseca y reduce el estrés y la ansiedad en las lecciones de educación física. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2020-12-23 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/10 10.30827/Digibug.65347 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 2 No 2 (2020): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 9-17 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 2 Núm. 2 (2020): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 9-17 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/10/10 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/10/16 Copyright (c) 2020 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/12 2023-04-21T03:49:54Z ijrss:ART

Comparing Thirty30 Tennis with Traditional Tennis Thirty30 Tennis y Tenis Tradicional: Comparativa O'Donoghue, Peter Milne, Mark Probabilistic model scoreline effect rule changes Thirty30 is a shorter format of tennis where games start at 30-30. This means that a greater proportion of points are game points or break points than would be the case in traditional tennis. The purpose of the current paper is to compare the probability of players of different abilities winning games, sets and matches between Thirty30 tennis and traditional tennis. This is done using probabilistic models of each format of tennis. The results show that there is reduced dominance of the serve and a greater probability of upsets in Thirty30 tennis than in traditional tennis. The models are also experimented with, adjusting the probability of winning points where the point is a game point or a break point. The paper shows that such scoreline effects have a greater impact in Thirty30 tennis than they do in traditional tennis. This has implications for player preparation for Thirty30 tennis. El Thirty30 es un formato más corto de tenis en el que los juegos comienzan en el 30-30. Esto significa que una mayor proporción de puntos son puntos de juego o puntos de ruptura que en el caso del tenis tradicional. El propósito del presente trabajo es comparar la probabilidad de que jugadores de diferentes habilidades ganen juegos, sets y partidos entre el tenis Thirty30 y el tradicional. Esto se hace utilizando modelos probabilísticos de cada formato de tenis. Los resultados muestran que hay un reducido dominio del saque y una mayor probabilidad de alteraciones en el Tenis Thirty30 que en el tenis tradicional. También se experimenta con los modelos, ajustando la probabilidad de ganar puntos cuando el punto es un punto de juego o un punto de ruptura. El documento muestra que tales efectos en el marcador tienen un mayor impacto en el tenis Thirty30 que en el tenis tradicional. Esto tiene implicaciones en la preparación de los jugadores para el tenis Thirty30. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2020-12-23 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/12 10.30827/Digibug.65350 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 2 No 2 (2020): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 18-28 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 2 Núm. 2 (2020): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 18-28 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/12/11 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/12/17 Copyright (c) 2020 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/13 2023-04-21T03:51:01Z ijrss:ART

Influence of playing style on the occurrence of missed shots in table tennis Tamaki, Sho Yoshida, Kazuto table tennis match analysis performance analysis defensive player Although the defensive style is competitive in modern table tennis, statistical analyses of it have been limited. The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of playing style on the occurrence of missed shots, i.e. shots that resulted in a score for the opponent in table tennis. This study found that the defensive style decreases the incidence of missed shots, particularly after the fourth shot, although those of the second and the following shots also decrease. In matches played by a defensive player, missed shots were 6 to 8% less likely to occur than in matches between two offensive players. In addition, the defensive style reduces the likelihood of missed shots in a rally served by an offensive player, and the amount of reduction is about the same as in a rally served by a defensive player. By gender, male defensive players were less defensive than female. We also found it difficult to identify defensive players by the occurrence of missed shots because there might be players not categorised as having defensive style who were as defensive as defensive players. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2020-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/13 10.30827/Digibug.63719 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 2 No 1 (2020): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 32-41 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 2 Núm. 1 (2020): Enero - Junio | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 32-41 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/13/6

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/14 2023-04-21T03:51:01Z ijrss:ART

The relationship between sport-specific training and a perceptuo-motor skills assessment as part of talent identification in young table tennis players (8-10 years) Faber, Irene Zamoscinska, Maja Teunissen, Jan Willem Pion, Johan Task/Learning Specificity Skill Transfer Talent Identification Aptitude Child Racket Sports A perceptuo-motor skills assessment was developed to better estimate the potential of youth table tennis players (8-10 years). Sport-specific training experience might influence the outcomes of this assessment and hinder a fair interpretation. Consequently, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the training experience (i.e. quantity and quality) and the perceptuo-motor skills assessment outcomes in youth table tennis players. For this purpose, data were collected during the national association’s talent days in the Netherlands (2010-2015). In total, 372 young table tennis players (8-10 years) were assessed by a perceptuo-motor skills questionnaire covering current training (hours/week), total training volume (hours) and quality of the trainer (high versus low). Non-parametric partial correlation analyses showed that training quantity outcomes (i.e. current training and training volume) are significantly associated with the test items of speed while dribbling, aiming at target and eye-hand coordination in both sexes with small to medium effect sizes. The multivariate GLM analyses revealed no significant differences between players receiving high versus low quality training regarding the perceptuo-motor skills assessment. The results indicated only a small transfer of skill and a substantial amount of task specificity; as such it seems legitimate to use the perceptuo-motor skills assessment as part of a talent identification programme. However, it seems sensible to take the training volume into account for a fair interpretation of the estimation of potential, especially when large differences exist between players regarding the training experience. Future studies using a longitudinal design could reveal more about the effect of training. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2020-07-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/14 10.30827/Digibug.63720 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 2 No 1 (2020): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 42-54 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 2 Núm. 1 (2020): Enero - Junio | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 42-54 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/14/7

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/16 2023-04-21T03:49:54Z ijrss:ART

Scoring bias caused by services in table tennis La desviación de la puntuación causada por los servicios en el tenis de mesa Tamaki, Sho Yoshida, Kazuto table tennis service statistical analysis performance analysis tenis de mesa servicio análisis estadístico análisis de rendimiento In table tennis, servers have the potential advantage of scoring bias when serving. However, the length of the scoring bias, i.e. the shot number where any bias is eliminated, has not been clarified. This study aimed to clarify the level and length of scoring bias occurring at services in table tennis. We analysed 45 men’s singles matches (3,665 rallies) and 29 women’s singles matches (2,352 rallies) from the 2012 London Olympic games and 49 men’s singles matches (4,404 rallies) and 31 women’s singles matches (2,320 rallies) from the 2016 Rio Olympic games. The statistical analysis revealed that services generate a low scoring phase at the second shot and slightly high scoring phase at the third shot. Moreover, the level of the scoring bias became trivial after the third shot, although a small scoring bias could remain. Players should therefore be cautious of a scoring bias until the third shot. In the gender comparison, the scoring bias observed in matches of male players was larger than that of female players up to the third shot. This result indicates that male players are more likely to take advantage of service than female players. In the winner/loser comparison, it was found that losers use the service to create scoring bias as effectively as winners do. Losers’ inferior skills and tactics in the shots after services were the major factor in the difference in the occurrence of missed shots between winners and losers. Finally, we found that the performance of each shot number should be analysed separately up to the third shot, as the remaining effect of the service is remarkably different among shot numbers. The results of this study contribute important suggestions to the conventional methods of performance analysis that empirically separate a rally into three phases. En el tenis de mesa, los servidores tienen la ventaja potencial del desvío de puntuación al realizar el servicio. Sin embargo, no se ha aclarado la duración de este desequilibrio (el número de golpes en los que se elimina cualquier diferencia). Este estudio tenía como objetivo aclarar el nivel y la duración del desequilibrio en la puntuación que se produce en los servicios en el tenis de mesa. Se analizaron 45 partidos individuales masculinos (3.665 peloteos) y 29 partidos individuales femeninos (2.352 peloteos) de los Juegos Olímpicos de Londres 2012 y 49 partidos individuales masculinos (4.404 peloteos) y 31 partidos individuales femeninos (2.320 peloteos) de los Juegos Olímpicos de Río 2016. El análisis estadístico reveló que los servicios generan una fase de puntuación baja en el segundo golpe y una fase de puntuación ligeramente alta en el tercer golpe. Además, el nivel del desequilibrio de puntuación se volvió trivial después del tercer golpe, aunque podría permanecer un pequeño desequilibrio. Por lo tanto, los jugadores deben tener cuidado con el desequilibrio en la puntuación hasta el tercer golpe. En la comparación por género, el sesgo de puntuación observado en los partidos de los jugadores masculinos fue mayor que el de las jugadoras hasta el tercer golpe. Este resultado indica que los jugadores masculinos son más propensos a aprovechar el servicio que las jugadoras. En la comparación entre ganadores y perdedores, se observó que los perdedores utilizan el servicio para crear un desequilibrio en la puntuación con la misma eficacia que los ganadores. La inferioridad de las habilidades y tácticas de los perdedores en los golpes tras el servicio fue el principal factor de la diferencia en la ocurrencia de tiros fallados entre ganadores y perdedores. Por último, encontramos que el rendimiento de cada número de golpe debe analizarse por separado hasta el tercero, ya que el efecto restante del servicio es notablemente diferente entre los números de golpe. Los resultados de este estudio aportan importantes sugerencias a los métodos convencionales de análisis del rendimiento que separan empíricamente un peloteo en tres fases. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2020-12-23 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/16 10.30827/Digibug.65360 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 2 No 2 (2020): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 29-36 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 2 Núm. 2 (2020): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 29-36 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/16/12 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/16/18 Copyright (c) 2020 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/19 2023-04-21T03:49:54Z ijrss:ART

Consumption habits and economic impact of Liebherr 2019 ITTF World Table Tennis Championships Hábitos de consumo e impacto económico del Campeonato mundial de tenis de mesa Liebherr 2019 de la ITTF Laczkó, Tamás Ács, Pongrác Stocker, Miklós Paár, Dávid World Table Tennis Championships consumption habits economic impact input-output model Campeonato mundial de tenis de mesa hábitos de consumo impacto económico modelo input-output Organising international sports events became one of the most important elements of the prioritized sports sector in Hungary. The main goal of this study was to examine the economic impact of Liebherr 2019 ITTF World Table Tennis Championships (WTTC) for the Hungarian GDP. The impact is based on consumption habits of stakeholders and total budget of organisers so it was necessary to analyse the characteristics of passive sports tourists and all other stakeholders and their spending too. Consumption of stakeholders were surveyed with questionnaire (n=1097) and the budget of the organisers were presented by the Hungarian Table Tennis Association. We have used the secondary data of Hungarian Statistical Office and Eurostat for input-output modelling. Expenditures and spending behaviour of stakeholders were calculated by inferential statistics, differences were tested by independent-samples T tests, ANOVA and Chi-square tests. Input-output modelling method was used for estimating the direct and indirect macroeconomic impacts. Daily spending of domestic (47.9 EUR/day) and foreign (102.8 EUR/day) passive sports tourists coming to the WTTC were calculated. Foreign passive sports tourists spent an average 3.85 days in the country. Examining the macroeconomic effects it can be stated that every EUR of government support increased the country’s GDP by 1.21 EUR and generated a tax of 1.01 EUR in 2019. Expenditures of spectators and participants contributed 24% of the generated GDP. Passive sports tourists of WTTC spent more money than the general domestic and foreign tourists (20.6 EUR/day and 51.8 EUR/day respectively) or even the domestic or foreign sports tourists (24.7 EUR/day and 54.7 EUR/day respectively). They spent more time than general foreign tourists or foreign sports tourists as well (2.26 days and 2.29 days respectively) in Hungary. The Hungarian government provided almost 4 million euros support to the organisers and this amount is exceeded by the total contribution of WTTC to the Hungarian GDP (4.7 million EUR). Organizar eventos deportivos internacionales se convirtió en uno de los elementos más importantes del priorizado sector deportivo en Hungría. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue analizar el impacto económico del Campeonato mundial de tenis de mesa Liebherr 2019 (WTTC) de la ITTF en el PIB de Hungría. El impacto se basa en los hábitos de consumo de las diversas partes involucradas en el evento y el presupuesto total de los organizadores, por lo tanto, fue necesario analizar las características de los turistas deportivos pasivos y de todos los demás participantes, incluyendo sus gastos. El consumo de los participantes fue medido con un cuestionario (n=1097) y el presupuesto de los organizadores se obtuvo de la Asociación Húngara de Tenis de Mesa. Para el modelo de input-output se obtuvieron datos secundarios de la Oficina de Estadística de Hungría y Eurostat. Los gastos y el comportamiento de gasto de los participantes se calcularon con estadística inferencial, las diferencias se evaluaron con pruebas T para muestras independientes, ANOVA y Chi-cuadrado. El modelo de input-output se usó para estimar los impactos macroeconómicos directos e indirectos. Se calcularon los gastos diarios de los turistas deportivos pasivos domésticos (47,9 EUR/día) y extranjeros (102,8 EUR/día) que asistieron al WTTC. En promedio, los turistas deportivos pasivos extranjeros se quedaron 3,85 días en el país. Al observar los efectos macroeconómicos se puede establecer que cada EUR del apoyo gubernamental aumentó el PIB del país 1,21 EUR y generó un impuesto de 1,01 EUR en 2019. Los gastos de los espectadores y participantes contribuyeron un 24 % al PIB generado. Los turistas deportivos pasivos del WTTC gastaron más dinero que los turistas domésticos y extranjeros generales (20,6 EUR/día y 51,8 EUR/día respectivamente) o incluso que los turistas deportivos domésticos o extranjeros (24,7 EUR/día y 54,7 EUR/día respectivamente). También pasaron más tiempo en Hungría que los turistas extranjeros generales o los turistas deportivos extranjeros (2,26 días y 2,29 días respectivamente). El gobierno húngaro contribuyó con casi 4 millones de euros para apoyar a los organizadores y la contribución total del WTTC al PIB húngaro (4,7 millones de euros) excede esa cantidad. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2020-12-23 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/19 10.30827/Digibug.65362 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 2 No 2 (2020): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 37-46 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 2 Núm. 2 (2020): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 37-46 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/19/14 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/19/19 Copyright (c) 2020 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/20 2023-04-21T03:49:54Z ijrss:ART

Job satisfaction and job commitment of Greek tennis, table-tennis and badminton coaches Satisfacción y compromiso laborales de los entrenadores de tenis, tenis de mesa y bádminton griegos Theodosiou, Argiris Drakou, Amalia Sdoukos, Thomas Job satisfaction job commitment racket sports Satisfacción laboral compromiso laboral deportes de raqueta The aim of the study was to investigate job satisfaction and job commitment of coaches of the three major racket sports in Greek tennis, table-tennis and badminton. One hundred and ten (N = 110) tennis (NT= 61), table-tennis (NTT = 31) and badminton (NB = 18) coaches responded to the Coach Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ), an eleven-factor instrument which assesses coaches’ job satisfaction and to the Occupational-Organizational Commitment Scale, a six factor questionnaire which evaluates the different forms of occupational and organizational commitment. Forty six of the coaches were full-time (NFT = 46) whereas of the rest, sixty four were part-time (NPT = 64). The results of a series of t-tests, ANOVAs and correlation analyses revealed various significant differences and relationships. Some of the most important are that: a) tennis coaches and full-time coaches were more satisfied in most of the job satisfaction dimensions, b) significant correlations were noticed between “job satisfaction” and “organizational commitment” variables, c) “autonomy”, was a predictor of “organizational affective commitment”, d) “satisfaction with coaching job” was the unique predictor of occupational affective and “occupational normative commitment” and e) “team performance” was the only predictor of “occupational continuance commitment”. Most of the results are in accordance with the existing job satisfaction literature however, further research is needed on human relation practices of National Federations and/or sport clubs associated with them, in order to have a better understanding of how certain practices and policies lead to higher levels of job satisfaction, organizational and occupational commitment among racket sport coaches. El objetivo del estudio fue investigar la satisfacción y compromiso laborales de los entrenadores de tres de los deportes de raqueta más importantes en Grecia: tenis, tenis de mesa y bádminton. Ciento diez (N=110) entrenadores de tenis (NT=61), tenis de mesa (NTT=31) y bádminton (NB=18) respondieron el Cuestionario de satisfacción como entrenador (CSQ), un instrumento de once factores que evalúa la satisfacción laboral de entrenadores, y la Escala de compromiso ocupacional-organizacional, un cuestionario de seis factores que evalúa las diferentes formas de compromiso ocupacional y organizacional. Cuarenta y seis de los entrenadores eran de tiempo completo (NFT=46) mientras que el resto, sesenta y cuatro, eran de medio tiempo (NPT=64). Los resultados de una serie de pruebas T, ANOVA y análisis de correlación mostraron diferencias significativas y conexiones. Algunas de las más importantes son: a) los entrenadores de tenis y los de tiempo completo estaban más satisfechos en la mayoría de las dimensiones de satisfacción laboral, b) se observaron correlaciones significativas entre las variables de “satisfacción laboral” y “compromiso organizacional”, c) “autonomía” fue un indicador de “compromiso afectivo organizacional”, d) “satisfacción con el empleo de entrenador” fue el único indicador de “compromiso afectivo ocupacional” y “compromiso normativo ocupacional” y e) “desempeño en equipo” fue el único indicador de “compromiso de continuidad ocupacional”. La mayoría de los resultados concuerdan con la literatura existente sobre la satisfacción laboral, sin embargo, es necesario seguir investigando sobre las prácticas en las relaciones humanas de federaciones nacionales o clubes deportivos asociados con ellas, con el fin de entender mejor por qué ciertas prácticas y políticas llevan a mayores niveles de satisfacción laboral y compromiso ocupacional y organizacional entre los entrenadores de deportes de raqueta. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2020-12-23 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/20 10.30827/Digibug.65363 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 2 No 2 (2020): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 47-58 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 2 Núm. 2 (2020): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 47-58 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/20/13 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/20/20 Copyright (c) 2020 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/21 2023-04-21T03:50:21Z ijrss:ART

The influence of expertise on anticipation of badminton single serves Kamruddin, Emily Mannan, Sabira Badminton Expertise Fixation development Eye movements Anticipation Badminton is a fast racket sport and requires players to develop highly advanced anticipation skills. Research has identified differences in the way that experts badminton players fixate their gaze during play. Investigating eye movement patterns in badminton players, may help to understand how expertise is associated with better anticipation abilities. All previous research on the return of a badminton serve has been solely made up of laboratory-based components and consequently it is arguable as to whether athletic skills are transferable from real-life settings. This study investigated the return of a badminton serve in a game setting. Expertise and type of serve acted as the independent variables when investigating between-group differences during fixation development. The experts (N=23) and novices (N=11) were asked to return forehand serves, whilst wearing a mobile eye tracker, for recording eye movement data for refixations, first visual intake duration and dwell time. The results demonstrated that both experts and novices targeted similar fixation sites. However, during the short serve, experts were found to make more fixations and longer fixation durations, suggesting that experts may use their pre-existing knowledge about badminton in anticipating serve returns. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2019-12-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/21 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 1 No 2 (2019): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 3-14 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 1 Núm. 2 (2019): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 3-14 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/21/2

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/22 2023-04-21T03:51:01Z ijrss:ART

Serve analyses of elite European table tennis matches Djokic, Zoran Malagoli Lanzoni, Ivan Katsikadelis, Michail Straub, Gunter Activity Analyses Notational Analyses Player Performance The purpose of this study was to analyze the serve activities of elite European table tennis players. Twenty matches (78 games, 1466 points) of semifinal and final German League and Europe TOP 16 in men’s (in the top 30 of ETTU Rank list) were analyzed. Differences in serving activities (type, stroke type, outcome and placement) were analyzed according results outcome of match, game, point, phase of the game and type of games.Results showed that forehand short serve prevailed (76.9%) instead other types of serve, mostly placed in the middle of the table on the opponent’s backhand side. Percentage of point won directly with serve was 11.6%, points won with 3rd stroke – 22.4% and points won with 5th stroke after serve (10.9%). Lost points after serve mostly were after 3rd stroke (25.0%) and after 5th stroke (22.4%) and serve errors were noted in 1.5% of all analyzed points. In the 3rd phase of the game serve points were won mostly with 3rd and 5th stroke instead previous phases of the game.Results of Pearson’s chi-squared test showed an association between match outcomes and serve type and outcome, serve type and outcome considering phase of the game and different type of games with serve type, outcome and placing zones. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2020-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/22 10.30827/Digibug.63715 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 2 No 1 (2020): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 1-8 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 2 Núm. 1 (2020): Enero - Junio | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 1-8 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/22/3

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/23 2023-04-21T03:51:01Z ijrss:ART

Performance analysis in wheelchair para-badminton matches de Oliveira Mota Ribeiro, Wendel Bezerra de Almeida, Marcos Paralympic Sport Para-badminton Performance Match Analysis Para-badminton has performance classes which consider the impairment degree of each athlete; two of them use a wheelchair and are identified as Wheelchair 1 (WH1) and Wheelchair 2 (WH2). Due to the difference in functionality of players between the classes, the match characteristics of WH1 and WH2 games are expected to be different. Therefore, the objective of our study was to describe and compare the temporal and technical characteristics of classes WH1 and WH2. Twenty-three matches covering both WH1 and WH2 classes for men’s singles performed during the first phase of Brazil Para-badminton Championship 2018 were filmed and assessed. There were differences between all temporal characteristics, except in relation to the rally time and frequency of strokes, which suggested that the WH2 matches were more intense and more prolonged. Both clear and net-lift strokes were the techniques most used by the two classes. The WH2 class showed a higher frequency of total strokes, net-shot, smash, block and non-forced errors (p<0.05) than the WH21 class. Regarding the winning of points, the net-lift and service led to higher wins in WH1. Drop-shot and clear (WH1), and net-shot and drop- shot (WH2) were the highest occurring shots leading to winning points. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2020-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/23 10.30827/Digibug.63718 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 2 No 1 (2020): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 22-31 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 2 Núm. 1 (2020): Enero - Junio | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 22-31 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/23/5

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/24 2023-04-21T03:51:01Z ijrss:ART

Mental training program in racket sports: A systematic review Cece, Valérian Guillet-Descas, Emma Martinent, Guillaume Mental Skills Mental Training Program Racket Sports Performance Systematic Review The mental aspect is largely acknowledged by athletes and coaches as a salient factor explaining performance variability. The mental component of performance holds a special place in racket sports considering the inherent demands in such intense and emotional activities. The importance of mental skills in racket sports has been examined within the literature through a bulk of studies highlighting associations between mental skills and a wide range of positive outcomes. Access to the programs which aim to improve the mental skills of the athletes represents a major issue for researchers and the different stakeholders (coaches, athletes, parents). The main objectives of this study were to (a) Collect the studies that incorporate mental training programs used in racket sports, (b) Organize the current knowledge on mental training programs and provide a synthesis of the characteristics of these studies, and (c) Identify the gaps in the literature on this topic and propose potential further investigations and practical implications. The present systematic review included 27 studies which involved 715 participants. Most of the studies used a quantitative approach and were conducted on tennis. The mental skills developed varied across the studies with domination of imagery and relaxation techniques. Overall, the programs led to positive outcomes on performance indicators (e.g. improvement of service efficacy and stroke quality) and permitted the development of the targeted mental skills (e.g. concentration, motivation). This review highlighted the weak representation of females and novice players within the studies’ participants. Moreover, the unequal representation of the techniques and outcomes in the examined studies encourages the development of further mental programs specifically applied to the demands of racket sports and a focus on different mental skills (e.g. emotional intelligence, coach education). International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2020-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/24 10.30827/Digibug.63721 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 2 No 1 (2020): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 55-71 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 2 Núm. 1 (2020): Enero - Junio | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 55-71 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/24/8

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/25 2023-04-21T03:50:21Z ijrss:ART

Influence of sport-practice-hours on burnout and coping in table tennis players González-García, Higinio Martinent, Guillaume Burnout Coping Training Mental Skills Players The aim of this research was to analyse burnout (estimated by emotional and physical exhaustion) and coping (as estimated by the need to seek support) in relation to the number of sport-practice-hours undertaken by table tennis players of various levels of success. A sample of 180 Spanish table tennis players (mean age = 33.87 years; SD = 16.64; 149 men and 31 women) voluntarily participated in the study and filled out a series of self-report questionnaires. The results revealed that there was a significant difference among table tennis players on emotional and physical exhaustion (p < 0.01) with players who practiced more than ten hours reporting higher levels of emotional and physical exhaustion.  There was a  significant difference in coping behaviour (p < 0.01)   with players who practiced more than 10 hours reporting the greatest need. Finally, players who played at a higher level (nationally or internationally) had a greater number of  hours of training. It is concluded that players and coaches should take account of the time spent in sport-practice should because it can increase burnout levels in table tennis players. Moreover, coping skills could be influenced by sport-practice-hours, but further research should clarify these outcomes. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2019-12-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/25 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 1 No 2 (2019): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 15-23 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 1 Núm. 2 (2019): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 15-23 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/25/21

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/26 2023-04-21T03:50:21Z ijrss:ART

Comparison of hip joint mechanical energetics in table tennis forehand and backhand drives Marsan, Thibault Rouch, Philippe Thoreux, Patricia Jacquet-Yquel, Rozenn Sauret, Christophe Table Tennis Hip Joint Mechanical Work Hip joints are highly involved in table tennis. Some authors found both pelvic angular velocity and hip joint torques are related to the racket velocity. Others have also demonstrated how some of the best players have higher ranges of motion of the lower-limb joints. Therefore, the mechanical work generated by the playing-side-hip can be seen as indicator of the playing intensity associated with different strokes. The aim of this study was to quantify the hip joint mechanical work and power during four classical strokes. Motion capture acquisitions were performed on two international players. A biplanar radiographic acquisition was also performed to personalize the biomechanical model. Hip joint velocity and torques were calculated on the dominant side, allowing mechanical power and work to be calculated between the end of backswing and the ball impact. The highest level of mechanical work from the hip joint was found for forehand drive against backspin and forehand topspin drive with pivot. A backhand drive required the lowest hip mechanical work, and the forehand drive against topspin was found to be intermediate. The lower work required from the backhand stroke makes it suitable as a waiting stroke. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2019-12-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/26 10.30827/Digibug.59706 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 1 No 2 (2019): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 37-43 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 1 Núm. 2 (2019): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 37-43 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/26/23

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/27 2023-04-21T03:50:21Z ijrss:ART

Footwork technique used in elite table tennis matches Malagoli Lanzoni, Ivan Katsikadelis, Michail Straub, Gunter Djokic, Zoran Racket sports Match Analysis Notational Analysis Footwork Notational and Match analysis are very well-recognized methods to collect information about the most common technical-tactical performance indicators in table tennis: footwork and stroke types. The aim of this study was to compare footwork distributions in men (M) and women (W) elite table tennis competitions. Nine men’s and nine women’s matches were analyzed. All players were in the top 120 (M) and 111 (W) positions of the ITTF world ranking. An expert coach analyzed game video recordings in slow motion with the software Kinovea and collected data about the footwork types used by the players during the games. The results showed differences between M and W: M prefer to use one step (35.6%, W: 21.9%), W prefer to hit the ball without performing any step (W: 40.2%, M: 20.4%), the chassé is equally used (M: 19.7%, W: 21.7%), and the crossover is mainly used by M (11.1%, W: 3.7%). The pivot is mainly used by M (9.9%, W: 7.8%), and W prefer the slide (4.9%, M: 3.2%). In conclusion, this study can be useful for physical trainers, performance analysts, and coaches, to design specific footwork training sessions for M and W elite table tennis players. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2019-12-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/27 10.30827/Digibug.59707 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 1 No 2 (2019): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 44-48 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 1 Núm. 2 (2019): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 44-48 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/27/24

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/28 2023-04-21T03:50:21Z ijrss:ART

Psychobiosocial states in competitive badminton: Similarities and differences between juniors, adolescents and adults Chia-Smith, Yun-Dih Psychobiosocial States Developmental Age Differences Juniors Badminton Emotions affect the way elite athletes respond during competitive play. Elite athletes who identify and regulate emotions can increase their consistency and optimize high quality play. This cross-sectional study examined the extent to which psychobiosocial states of elite badminton players vary by age. Ninety-one elite badminton players in three age groups (lower juniors, upper juniors, and adults) rated their post-play perceptions on eight components of psychobiosocial states (Bortoli, et al., 2008) for both their best and worst performance during the tournament. Descriptive statistics assessed the relative strength of emotions on each item and an analysis of variance examined differences between the three groups. Age differences were found in the perception of the psychobiosocial states in competitive badminton matches in terms of most identified states and intensity. The findings inform coaches’ understanding athlete’s individual zone of optimal function (IZOF) and can help them cope with psychobiosocial states during matches. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2019-12-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/28 10.30827/Digibug.59708 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 1 No 2 (2019): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 49-60 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 1 Núm. 2 (2019): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 49-60 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/28/25

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/29 2023-04-21T03:50:42Z ijrss:ED

Editorial Cabello Manrique, David Editorial Racket Sports International Journal of Racket Sports Science Racket Sports have been widely studied in science for the last years. The purpose of this Journal is to aggregate the most important advances and researches to affect the development and directions of racket sports science from now on. To reflect on the importance and impact a specialized journal can have in the field, we can put some perspective on its development: In 1993, the series of World Congresses in Science and Racket Sports took place, causing several publications to be released subsequently. Sharp (1998), recorded the duration of the rallies and the work-rest ratio in squash, using technology. The following years, the increase in computing power allowed to carry on studies with an unthinkable amount of data. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2019-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/29 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 1 No 1 (2019): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 2 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 1 Núm. 1 (2019): Enero - Junio| International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 2 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/29/26

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/30 2023-04-21T03:50:42Z ijrss:ART

The benefits of the 5-week Table Stars @school program as part of physical education in primary schools – A pilot intervention study Faber, Irene R. Pion, Johan Nijhuis-Van der Sanden, Maria W. Table Stars Physical education and training Child Psychomotor performance Racket sports The Table Stars @school program was launched in 2010 to serve as a first introduction to table tennis in primary school children. The main aims of this pilot intervention study were 1. to evaluate the effect of Table Stars @school on the perceptuo-motor skills and selective attention in primary school children in comparison to regular physical education and 2. to find out how many and which children benefited more from Table Stars @school compared to regular physical education. A pilot intervention study was carried out including 177 children between 6 to 12 years from two regular primary schools. All children were tested by means of four perceptuo-motor tests (static balance, walking backwards, speed while dribbling, eye-hand coordination) and a selective attention task (map mission). Both schools were exposed to both the Table Stars @school program and regular physical education in a different order. The results revealed no differences between the regular physical education classes and the Table Stars @school program on group level. However, both interventions showed different responders. Consequently, Table Stars @school seems to fit in as it meets the level of improvement of regular physical education classes and it can be of added value by addressing other children to improve perceptuo-motor skills and selective attention. Nevertheless, intensifying the program and/or integrating it into regular physical education is recommended to increase the effects and better add to the broader development of children. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2019-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/30 10.30827/Digibug.57321 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 1 No 1 (2019): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 3-15 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 1 Núm. 1 (2019): Enero - Junio| International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 3-15 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/30/27 Copyright (c) 2019 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/31 2023-04-21T03:50:42Z ijrss:ART

Physiological, neuromuscular and perceived exertion responses in badminton games Phomsoupha, Michael Ibrahime, Stéphane Heugas, Anne-Marie Laffaye, Guillaume Performance Fatigue Skill Biomechanics Mental fatigue The purpose of this study was to characterise the physiological, neuromuscular and perceived exertion variables during a badminton match and to assess the influence of these variables on the characteristics of the game. Each variable was measured before, every ten minutes, and ten and twenty minutes after a badminton game. Using a lactate device, a heart rate monitor, an accelerometric system, a dynamometer, a camera and a Borg scale, twelve games between elite players were analysed. An increase was found in the heart rate, blood lactate and in the recovery time, while a decrease was found in the power output of the lower and upper limb joints and shot frequency. These results suggest the capability of the players to preserve a high intensity of performance for as long as possible despite general fatigue. The fatigue induced by changes in physiological variables is affected more by the intensity of the stroke rather than the duration of the rallies. The perceived exertion is thought to be a combination of attentional and neuromuscular fatigue rather than related to changes in metabolites. Consequently, in future studies, researchers and trainers should consider the fatigue state as a means to increase players’ ability. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2019-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/31 10.30827/Digibug.57323 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 1 No 1 (2019): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 16-25 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 1 Núm. 1 (2019): Enero - Junio| International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 16-25 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/31/28 Copyright (c) 2019 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/32 2023-04-21T03:50:42Z ijrss:ART

Speed and spin differences between the old celluloid versus new plastic table tennis balls and the effect on the kinematic responses of elite versus sub-elite players Lee, Marcus J. C. Ozaki, Hiroki Xiu Goh, Wan Table-Tennis Rule Change Human Kinematics This study measured 1) the speed and spin differences between the old celluloid versus new plastic table tennis balls at pre ball-table impact and post ball-table impact when projected with topspin at 7.56 m.s-1, and investigated 2) the effect this has on the kinematic responses of 5 elite versus 5 sub-elite players’ forehand topspin in response to topspin and backspin. Plastic balls were lower in both speed and spin at pre and post ball-table impact compared with celluloid balls but the magnitude of change in speed and spin for each ball material differed. During flight before impact plastic balls lost 3.98% more speed and 1.24% more spin than celluloid balls. Post ball-table impact, plastic balls showed a greater speed increment (0.69%) and smaller spin decrement (0.19%) than celluloid balls. Differences in players’ kinematic responses to the different ball materials were found only when players returned backspin shots. Players supinated their rackets more by 2.23% at ball-racket contact and produced 3.37% less ball spin when returning plastic compared with celluloid balls; an indication of an early adaptation to the lower spin rate of plastic balls. The lack of differences in kinematic response to topspin may be due to the similar changes in speed and spin of both types of ball at ball-table impact. It is not known if a higher initial ball projection velocity would evoke differences in movement responses from the players post ball-table impact but could be explored in future studies. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2019-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/32 10.30827/Digibug.57324 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 1 No 1 (2019): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 26-36 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 1 Núm. 1 (2019): Enero - Junio| International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 26-36 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/32/29 Copyright (c) 2019 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/33 2023-04-21T03:50:42Z ijrss:ART

Axis Specific Player Load to Quantify Lower Limb Biomechanical Loading in Adolescent Badminton Players Wylde, Matthew James Kumar, Baranee Chee Yong, Low Callaway, Andrew James Badminton Adolescent Accelerometers Training Load RPE While the use of accelerometer derived Player Load has become increasingly prominent, the limitation of this approach is that training load is reduced to a single number with no differentiation between the mechanisms of loading, resulting in a loss of context. As recovery from different loadings occurs at different rates, the inability to differentiate between the loading mechanisms could lead to under or over training in one or more of these mechanisms. This study sought to compare axis specific accelerometer derived Player Load with differential RPE scores to establish a means of quantifying the lower limb biomechanical load of adolescent badminton training, to try and understand some of the context into the Player Load number. It was postulated that the Player Load from the vertical axis would provide a more precise measure of lower limb loading as other loading parameters, such as upper body rotation observed during a smash, would be removed from the calculation. Nineteen adolescent badminton players (Age: 14.0 ± 0.8 y) based at a dedicated high-performance youth training environment wore a GPS-embedded accelerometer between the scapulae in a purpose-built vest during court-based training. After each training session, the participants provided two RPE scores, one localised for the legs and one for breathlessness. Overall low correlations were observed between the Player Load and RPE values. The Player Load for the vertical axis showed a stronger correlation with the RPE for breathlessness than the RPE for the lower limb stress. The results from this study suggest that axis specific Player Load from the vertical axis does not provide greater insight into lower-limb biomechanical load compared to overall Player Load in adolescent badminton players. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2019-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/33 10.30827/Digibug.57329 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 1 No 1 (2019): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 37-44 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 1 Núm. 1 (2019): Enero - Junio| International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 37-44 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/33/30 Copyright (c) 2019 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/34 2023-04-21T03:50:42Z ijrss:ART

Is the level of eye-hand coordination and executive functioning related to performance in para table tennis players? – An explorative study Faber, Irene R. Pion, Johan Willemse, Bas Schipper, Willianne Nijhuis-Van der Sanden, Maria Sports for Persons with Disabilities Psychomotor performance Mental Processes Aptitude The goal of this explorative study was to explore whether eye-hand coordination and executive functions (i.e. cognitive flexibility, attention control and information processing) are related to the performance level in para table tennis players. The data of 11 elite (age 15-54) and 11 non-elite para table tennis players (age 13-49) were analyzed. The results showed that the elite players performed better than the median norm values for cognitive flexibility and attention control while the non-elite players demonstrated slower information processing than the median norm values (p<0.05). The players’ competition rating correlated significantly with the eye-hand coordination, cognitive flexibility and information processing measures (p < 0.05). Players with a competition rating > 1000 points scored ≥ 24 catches per 30 s in the eye hand coordination task, whereas the players with < 1000 rating points score ≤ 18 catches per 30 s. In contrast, there was a clear overlap of scores between the players with > 1000 and < 1000 rating scores in the executive functions tests. The results present a first profile of para table tennis players regarding their eye-hand coordination and executive functions and the relationship of these constructs with the performance level. Long-term international cooperation is recommended to understand the value of the measured constructs to predict future successes. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2019-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/34 10.30827/Digibug.57326 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 1 No 1 (2019): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 45-60 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 1 Núm. 1 (2019): Enero - Junio| International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 45-60 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/34/31 Copyright (c) 2019 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/35 2023-04-21T03:50:42Z ijrss:ART

Do left-handed players have a strategic advantage in table tennis? Malagoli Lanzoni, Ivan Di Michele, Rocco Bartolomei, Sandro Semprini, Gabriele Racket sports Table tennis Notational analysis Handedness Serve-return strategy The reasons for the overrepresentation of left-handed players (LHps) in some sports are widely discussed in the literature. In light of this debate, this study aimed to assess the associations between players’ handedness and selected performance indicators in table tennis, where LHps represent 25% of top-level players. A notational analysis was conducted on 20 men’s matches including any combination of players’ handedness. Participants were in the first 150 positions of the ITTF world ranking at the moment the matches were played. The table area of ball bouncing after serving, and the shot type used by the receiving and subsequently the serving player, were recorded for 1515 rallies. Each half of the table was divided into six equal rectangular areas. There was a significant effect of players’ handedness on percentage of ball bouncing in different areas. Specifically, LHps showed a greater capacity (or choice) to adjust the serve (in terms of areas of ball bouncing) than right-handed players (RHps) according to the opponent’s handedness. Furthermore, LHps used offensive shots more frequently. In conclusion, both play strategy and characteristics such as higher offensiveness, together may contribute to the success of LHps in table tennis. These findings emphasise the need for a multifactorial approach in future research aiming to understand why LHps may be advantaged in different sports. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2019-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/35 10.30827/Digibug.57327 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 1 No 1 (2019): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 61-69 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 1 Núm. 1 (2019): Enero - Junio| International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 61-69 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/35/32 Copyright (c) 2019 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/36 2023-04-21T03:49:33Z ijrss:ART

Monitoring technical tennis performance under increasing physical intensity by the PTTF-test Supervisión del desempeño técnico en tenis cuando la intensidad física es cada vez mayor mediante la prueba PTTF Smit, Michel Elferink-Gemser, Marije Kolman, Nikki Huijgen, Barbara racquet sports field test physical fitness technical skills tennis players youth sports deporte de raqueta prueba de campo estado físico habilidad técnica jugadores de tenis deporte juvenil Monitoring technical skills under increasing physical intensity is important for determining a player’s performance level in tennis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine to what extent the new Physical Technical Tennis-specific Field test (PTTF-test) was able to capture fluctuations in technical skill under increasing physical intensity in adolescent talented tennis players. Forty adolescent players (21 males, 19 females, mean age = 15.4 years) performed the PTTF-test until exhaustion (i.e., when they were not able to hit two subsequent oncoming balls with an adequate technique). Technical skills (stroke velocity, stroke accuracy, VA-index and percentage errors) were compared between physical intensity levels, age categories and genders. For all age categories and genders, physical intensity (heart rate) increased between the ‘BASELINE’-situation and the ‘FINAL’-situation (p<.001). All technical skills, i.e. stroke velocity, stroke accuracy, VA-index and percentage errors, decreased when comparing the FINAL intensity level to the BASELINE intensity level (p<.001). Players in older age categories (16+) reached a higher PTTFlevel and exhibited lower mean heart rates than players in the youngest age category (U14) in both the ‘BASELINE’-situation and the ‘FINAL’-situation depending on the level players reached (p<.01). These findings show that the PTTF-test is able to analyse and monitor the performance of technical skills under increasing physical intensity in adolescent talented tennis players. Supervisar las habilidades técnicas cuando la intensidad física es cada vez mayor es importante para determinar el nivel de desempeño de un jugador en tenis. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar hasta qué punto la nueva prueba de campo físico-técnica específica para el tenis (prueba PTTF) puede capturar las variaciones en la habilidad técnica en jugadores talentosos de tenis adolescentes cuando la intensidad física es cada vez mayor. Cuarenta jugadores adolescentes (21 hombres, 19 mujeres, edad media = 15,4 años) completaron la prueba PTTF hasta el fallo (cuando en recepción no eran capaces de golpear dos pelotas sucesivas con una técnica adecuada). Las habilidades técnicas (velocidad del golpe, precisión del golpe, velocidad y precisión de la pelota y el porcentaje de error) fueron comparadas entre los niveles de intensidad física, las categorías por edad y el sexo. Para todas las categorías de edad y sexos, la intensidad física (frecuencia cardíaca) aumentó entre la situación BASE y la situación FINAL (p<.001). Todas las habilidades técnicas, i.e. velocidad del golpe, precisión del golpe, velocidad y precisión de la pelota y porcentaje de error, disminuyeron al comparar el nivel de intensidad FINAL con el nivel de intensidad de BASE (p<.001). Los jugadores en las categorías de mayor edad (16+) alcanzaron un nivel PTTF más alto y mostraron frecuencias cardíacas menores que los jugadores en la categoría más joven (U14) tanto en la situación BASE como en la FINAL dependiendo del nivel que los jugadores alcanzaban (p<.010). Estos hallazgos muestran que la prueba PTTF es capaz de analizar y supervisar el desempeño de las habilidades técnicas cuando la intensidad física es cada vez mayor en jugadores adolescentes de tenis talentosos. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2021-12-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/36 10.30827/Digibug.74115 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 3 No 2 (2021): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 49-58 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 3 Núm. 2 (2021): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 49-58 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/36/80 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/36/85 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/36/100 Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/42 2023-04-21T03:51:22Z ijrss:ART

Are Technical and Timing Components in Para-Badminton Classifications Different? ¿Son diferentes los componentes técnicos y de tiempo en las clasificaciones de parabádminton? Strapasson, Aline Miranda de Moura Simim, Mário Antônio Cren Chiminazzo, João Guilherme Leonardi, Thiago José Rodrigues Paes, Roberto Paralympic Sport Notational Analysis Para-Badminton Physical Disabilities deporte paralímpico análisis notacional parabádminton discapacidades físicas Considering the reduced amount of studies with Para-Badminton (PBd) and the need to understand the technical, tactical and functional classes, the purpose of this research is to investigate the frequency of technical components and timing characteristics in categories WH1(Wheelchair/severe impairment) and WH2 (Wheelchair/minor impairment) of PBd, in addition to comparing said data between classes. Twenty PBd matches were analyzed in the men's individual category, at the 11th World PBd Championship. The mean playing time of the matches was 1780 seconds (SD = 575) for the WH1 class and 2012 seconds (SD = 1098) for WH2. The average rally time was 10.2 minutes (SD = 8.4) for the WH1 and 12.5 (SD = 12.5) for WH2. The average related to pause time was 15 seconds (SD = 10.3) for the WH1 class and 14.1 (SD = 10.5) for the WH2. The mean number of shots in the shuttle per game obtained was 552 (SD = 197) and 719 (SD = 480) for class WH1 and WH2, respectively. In both classes: the most frequent shots performed by the players were Clear, Lob, Drop, and Net-shot; the players used backhand more often than the forehand service and the short service compared to the long one; the errors stood out in relation to the winner points. In addition to this, there was a higher proportion of shots at the front of the court in both classes. It was found that the WH2 class showed a higher intensity (longer rally time and shorter pause time) and a higher frequency of technical actions (higher number of hits on the shuttle) when compared to the WH1. This information can assist coaches during training to guide the development of the temporal and technical aspects of the PBd, as well as monitor them during matches to obtain victory. Teniendo en cuenta la reducida cantidad de estudios con el parabádminton (PBd) y la necesidad de entender las clases técnicas, tácticas y funcionales, el objetivo de esta investigación es indagar la frecuencia de los componentes técnicos y las características de tiempo en las categorías WH1 (silla de ruedas/discapacidad severa) y WH2 (silla de ruedas/discapacidad menor) de PBd, así como comparar dichos datos entre clases. Se analizaron veinte partidos de PBd en la categoría individual masculina en el 11° Campeonato Mundial de PBd. El tiempo medio de juego de los partidos fue de 1780 segundos (SD = 575) para la clase WH1 y 2012 segundos (SD = 1098) para WH2. El tiempo promedio de peloteo fue de 10,2 minutos (SD = 8,4) para WH1 y 12,5 (SD = 12,5) para WH2. El promedio relacionado con el tiempo de pausa fue de 15 segundos (SD = 10,3) para la clase WH1 y 14,1 (SD = 10,5) para la WH2. El número medio obtenido de golpes en el volante por partido fue de 552 (SD = 197) y 719 (SD = 480) para la clase WH1 y WH2, respectivamente. En ambas clases, los golpes más frecuentes realizados por los jugadores fueron Clear, Lob, Drop y Net-shot; los jugadores utilizaron más el servicio de revés que el de derecha y el servicio corto en comparación con el largo; los errores se destacaron en relación con los puntos ganadores. Además de esto, hubo una mayor proporción de golpes en la parte delantera de la cancha en ambas clases. Se encontró que la clase WH2 mostró mayor intensidad (mayor tiempo de peloteo y menor tiempo de pausa) y mayor frecuencia de acciones técnicas (mayor número de golpes en el volante) en comparación con la WH1. Esta información puede ayudar a los entrenadores para orientar el desarrollo de los aspectos temporales y técnicos del PBd, así como a monitorearlos durante los partidos para obtener la victoria. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2021-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/42 10.30827/Digibug.70279 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 3 No 1 (2021): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 22-27 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 3 Núm. 1 (2021): Enero - Junio| International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 22-27 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/42/39 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/42/70 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/42/60 Copyright (c) 2021 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/43 2025-03-27T00:24:52Z ijrss:ART

The relationship between service performance and physical strength focusing on speed and spin rate in Japanese elite junior tennis players La relación entre el desempeño en el servicio y la fuerza física enfocada en la velocidad y la tasa de rotación de la pelota en jugadores jóvenes de élite japoneses Koya, Nahoko Kitamura, Tetsu Takahashi, Hiroo tennis service performance analysis physical analysis gender difference principal component analysis Tenis Análisis del servicio Análisis físico Diferencia según el sexo Análisis de componentes principales Service is the most powerful and potential shot in tennis. To reach global elite status, Japanese players, being generally inferior in height, must overcome the limitations in service performance. If their height is insufficient, they must improve their speed service performance while maintaining the spin rate. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between service performance according to the speed and spin rates and physical factors among national-level male and female junior tennis players. Twenty-eight elite tennis players participated in this study. Service tests were completed using the TrackMan tennis radar device. A total of 12 services per player were collected. Physical strength tests were conducted according to the Japan Tennis Association methods. Based on a previous study, 16 measurement variables related to service performance were selected. Among the male players, both the 1st and 2nd services showed significant correlations of service speed with physique and physical strength. On the other hand, no correlation was observed between service spin and physique or physical strength. Among female players, there was a significant correlation between service speed and physique, but not physical strength. In contrast to male players, there were significant correlations between service spin and some parameters of physical strength. As described above, the results were different for males and females. In conclusion, male players should focus intensively on muscular strength and power during training, whereas female players should focus on acquiring the skills needed to increase the spin rate, with strength as their secondary focus. Additionally, the increased drive from the legs can be converted to increased service speed. Therefore, male and female players should be coached on service from different perspectives. El servicio es el golpe más potente y fuerte del tenis. Para llegar a un nivel de élite mundial, los jugadores japoneses, que suelen ser inferiores en cuanto a altura, deben superar las limitaciones en el desempeño del servicio. Si su altura es insuficiente, deben mejorar su desempeño en la velocidad del servicio al mismo tiempo que mantienen la tasa de rotación de la pelota (spin). Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio es analizar la relación entre el desempeño en el servicio según la velocidad y la tasa de rotación y los factores físicos de jugadores juveniles hombres y mujeres de tenis de nivel nacional. Veintiocho jugadores de tenis de élite participaron en el estudio. Las pruebas en el servicio se realizaron con el dispositivo de radar TrackMan para tenis. Cada jugador realizó 12 servicios en total. Se llevaron a cabo pruebas de fuerza física según los métodos de la Asociación Japonesa de Tenis. Con base en un estudio previo, se seleccionaron 16 variables de medida relacionadas con el desempeño en el servicio. Entre los jugadores hombres, tanto el primer como el segundo servicio mostraron correlaciones importantes entre la velocidad del servicio y el físico y la fuerza física. Por otro lado, no se observaron correlaciones entre la tasa de rotación y el físico o la fuerza física. Entre las jugadoras mujeres, se encontró una correlación significativa entre la velocidad del servicio y el físico, pero no la fuerza física. A diferencia de los jugadores hombres, las mujeres presentaron correlaciones significativas entre la rotación en el servicio y algunos parámetros de fuerza física. Como ya se mencionó, los resultados fueron diferentes entre hombres y mujeres. En conclusión, los jugadores hombres deberían enfocarse intensivamente en la fuerza muscular y la potencia durante el entrenamiento, mientras que las mujeres deberían enfocarse en adquirir las habilidades necesarias para aumentar la tasa de rotación; con la fuerza como su enfoque secundario. Adicionalmente, el aumento en impulso de las piernas puede convertirse en un aumento en la velocidad del servicio. Por lo tanto, los jugadores hombres y mujeres deberían ser entrenados en el servicio desde diferentes perspectivas. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2021-12-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/43 10.30827/Digibug.73873 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 3 No 2 (2021): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 10-20 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 3 Núm. 2 (2021): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 10-20 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/43/77 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/43/95 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/43/102 Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/44 2023-04-21T03:51:22Z ijrss:ART

Exploring the Link between Athletic Identity, Self-compassion, Communication, and Mental Toughness of Table Tennis Student-Athletes Exploración del vínculo entre identidad deportiva, autocompasión, comunicación y fortaleza mental de los estudiantes-atletas de tenis de mesa Maranan, Maridette Joyce D. Lopez, Arnulfo V. athletic identity mental toughness self-compassion student-athletes table tennis identidad deportiva fortaleza mental autocompasión estudiantes-atletas tenis de mesa Table tennis student-athletes should be mentally tough as they train and perform under extreme pressure. It is essential to identify other mental skills that will aid mental toughness development. Accordingly, the study focused on assessing athletic identity, self-compassion, and intra-team communication. The relationship between the constructs was also explored. A multi-part questionnaire was fielded to 230 college student-athletes participating in table tennis singles event. Findings indicate high levels of athletic identity and intra-team communication among the participants; while moderate levels for self-compassion and mental toughness. Structural equation modeling revealed the dynamic relationship between the constructs. On one hand, self-compassionate participants who highly recognize their role as athletes, and communicate with the team are more mentally tough. On the other hand, uncompassionate self-responding lead student-athletes to become mentally weak. The study provides useful insights for practitioners in designing mental skills training geared towards optimal functioning and psychological wellness of young athletes. Los estudiantes-atletas de tenis de mesa deben tener fortaleza mental debido a que su entrenamiento y desempeño se dan bajo una presión extrema. Es fundamental identificar otras habilidades mentales que ayuden al desarrollo de la fortaleza mental. En consecuencia, el estudio se centró en la evaluación de la identidad deportiva, la autocompasión y la comunicación dentro del equipo. También se exploró la relación entre los constructos. Se envió un cuestionario de varias partes a 230 estudiantes-atletas universitarios que participaban en pruebas individuales de tenis de mesa. Los resultados indican altos niveles de identidad deportiva y comunicación dentro del equipo entre los participantes, a la vez que evidenció niveles moderados para la autocompasión y la fortaleza mental. Los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales revelaron la relación dinámica entre los constructos. Por un lado, los participantes autocompasivos que reconocen en gran medida su papel como atletas y se comunican con el equipo poseen mayor fortaleza mental. Por otro lado, la falta de autocompasión y el individualismo conllevan a la debilidad mental de los estudiantes-atletas. El estudio proporciona información útil para los profesionales a la hora de diseñar un entrenamiento de las habilidades mentales orientado al funcionamiento óptimo y al bienestar psicológico de los jóvenes atletas. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2021-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/44 10.30827/Digibug.70277 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 3 No 1 (2021): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 1-9 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 3 Núm. 1 (2021): Enero - Junio| International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 1-9 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/44/33 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/44/68 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/44/58 Copyright (c) 2021 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/46 2023-04-21T03:51:22Z ijrss:ART

Stroke placement in women’s professional tennis: What’s after the serve? La colocación de los golpes en el tenis profesional femenino: ¿qué sigue luego del servicio? Born, Philipp Malejka, Louis Behrens, Marius Grambow, Ralph Meffert, Dominik Breuer, Jonas Vogt, Tobias game opening target zones return court division coaching apertura del juego zonas objetivo devolución división de la cancha entrenamiento The aim of the present study was to investigate the placement of the return, 3rd and 4th stroke in professional women’s tennis as well as possible differences related to the level of play and finally derive practical recommendations from the results. In total this study contains examination of 2,562 Returns, 2,065 3rd strokes and 1,606 4th strokes from 19 professional women’s tennis matches of 14 players (both WTA and ITF) from 2018-2020. All strokes were classified using a specific court division method taking outcome (i.e., in, out, net) and placements into account for statistical analyses. Results show that returns are mainly placed into the court’s middle zones (66.7%), whereas 3rd strokes are placed more into offensive zone groups (i.e., Outer Zones 58.1%, Outside Forbidden Zone 72.6%, and C-zones 28.7%) with 4th strokes similarly placed, however, more scattered. No correlation was found between the placement of the return and the 3rd stroke (r = 0.517, p = 0.085). Correlations were found between the placement of 4th stroke and the return (r = 0.653, p < 0.05), between the 4th and the 3rd stroke (r = 0.961, p < 0.001) as well as between WTA and ITF players regarding all three strokes (return r = 0.818, p < 0.01; 3rd stroke r = 0.942, p < 0.001; 4th stroke r = 0.821, p < 0.01). Present findings may be of higher interest for female tennis players and their coaches aiming to improve practice patterns in training and competitive performance in matches. El objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar la colocación de la devolución, el tercer golpe y el cuarto golpe en el tenis profesional femenino, así como las posibles diferencias relacionadas con el nivel de juego y, finalmente, derivar recomendaciones prácticas a partir de los resultados. En total, este estudio contiene el examen de 2562 devoluciones, 2065 terceros golpes y 1606 cuartos golpes de 19 partidos de tenis profesional femenino de 14 jugadoras (tanto de la WTA como de la ITF) entre los años 2018 y 2020. Todos los golpes se clasificaron usando un método específico de división de la cancha que tiene en cuenta el resultado (es decir, in, out, net) y las colocaciones para los análisis estadísticos. Los resultados muestran que las devoluciones se colocan principalmente en las zonas centrales de la cancha (66,7 %), mientras que los terceros golpes se colocan más en grupos de zonas ofensivas (es decir, zonas exteriores 58,1 %, zona exterior prohibida 72,6 % zonas C 28,7 %) y los cuartos golpes colocados de manera similar, aunque más dispersos. No se encontró ninguna correlación entre la colocación de la devolución y el tercer golpe (r = 0,517, p = 0,085). Se encontraron correlaciones entre la colocación del cuarto golpe y la devolución (r = 0,653, p < 0,05), entre el cuarto y el tercer golpes (r = 0,961, p < 0,001), así como entre jugadoras de la WTA y la ITF con respecto a los tres golpes (devolución r = 0,818, p < 0,01; tercer golpe r = 0,942, p < 0,001; cuarto golpe r = 0,821, p < 0,01). Los presentes resultados pueden ser de gran interés para las jugadoras de tenis y sus entrenadores con el fin de mejorar los métodos de práctica en el entrenamiento y el rendimiento competitivo en los partidos. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2021-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/46 10.30827/Digibug.70281 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 3 No 1 (2021): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 37-44 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 3 Núm. 1 (2021): Enero - Junio| International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 37-44 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/46/41 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/46/72 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/46/62 Copyright (c) 2021 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/47 2023-04-21T03:51:22Z ijrss:ART

Knowledge and Competences of Racket Sport Coaches: what do they think and know? Conocimientos y competencias de los entrenadores de deportes de raqueta: ¿qué piensan y qué saben? Del Corto Motta, Mairin Barreira, Júlia Corrêa Cortela, Caio Galatti, Larissa Rafaela Coaches Knowledge Competences Racket Sports entrenadores conocimientos competencias deportes de raqueta This study analyzed the professional, interpersonal and intrapersonal knowledge as well as the competences considered most  important to Brazilian coaches who work with four different racket sports (badminton, squash, tennis and table tennis). A total of 150 coaches (122 men and 28 women) participated in this study, most of whom were tennis coaches (47%), followed by badminton (28%), table tennis (16%) and squash (12%). For data collection, a socio-demographic questionnaire and the Coaches' Knowledge and Competence Questionnaire (CKCQ) (Quinaud et. Al, 2018) were applied. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the importance and domain attributed by the coaches to the items. In general, knowledge and competences had high scores of attributed importance and perceived domain, however the knowledge of program implementation and evaluation, professional development of coaches and the competence to develop the coaching philosophy had the lowest values of perceived domain. Este estudio analizó los conocimientos profesionales, interpersonales e intrapersonales, así como las competencias consideradas más importantes para los entrenadores brasileños que trabajan con cuatro deportes de raqueta diferentes (bádminton, squash, tenis y tenis de mesa). Un total de 150 entrenadores (122 hombres y 28 mujeres) participaron en este estudio, la mayoría de ellos eran entrenadores de tenis (47 %), seguidos de bádminton (28 %), tenis de mesa (16 %) y squash (12 %). Los datos se recolectaron mediante un cuestionario sociodemográfico y el cuestionario de conocimientos y competencias de los entrenadores (CKCQ, por su sigla en inglés) (Quinaud et. al, 2018). Se utilizó la prueba de Wilcoxon para comparar la importancia y el ámbito atribuidos por los entrenadores a los ítems. En general, los conocimientos y las competencias tuvieron altas puntuaciones de importancia atribuida y ámbito percibido; sin embargo, los conocimientos de implementación y evaluación de programas, desarrollo profesional de los entrenadores y la competencia para desarrollar la filosofía del entrenamiento tuvieron los valores más bajos de ámbito percibido. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2021-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/47 10.30827/Digibug.71157 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 3 No 1 (2021): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 28-36 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 3 Núm. 1 (2021): Enero - Junio| International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 28-36 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/47/37 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/47/71 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/47/61 Copyright (c) 2021 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/48 2023-04-21T03:51:22Z ijrss:ART

First Offensive Shot in Elite Table Tennis El primer golpe ofensivo en el tenis de mesa de élite Fuchs, Michael Lames, Martin first offensive shot racket sports table tennis match analysis primer golpe ofensivo deportes de raqueta tenis de mesa análisis de partidos At the (very) first shots in table tennis, players face a basic tactical decision: either return the ball short and passively or attack it with an offensive shot. In the first case, there is lower risk but no pressure for making the point, in the second case pressure is created, but at the cost of high risk, because the serve and other prior “passive” shots try to make an offensive shot as difficult as possible, typically being short and flat. Thus, the real turntable of a rally is this shot - in this study called “first offensive shot” (FOS) – which is the transition from passive to offensive play. This study investigates the FOS, which is defined as the first shot after the serve without any kind of backspin/side-backspin, for 90 matches (nrally = 7449) of the 2016 Rio Olympic Games. The FOS parameters – laterality, technique and position to the table at the point of contact – and the respective winning probabilities are analysed. The influences of sex and the players’ ranking (resulting in three different match categories) on those parameters are studied. Descriptive statistics about the incidences of the FOSs show that four typical FOSs cover 98% of all FOSs. Chi-square tests reveal a significant relation between sex and these typical FOSs. Regarding the match categories, the tests prove a significant relation between match categories and FOS tactics for both genders. A difference in the FOS tactics between the serving and the receiving player is found as well. The winning probabilities show that using topspin (FH and BH) as FOS was an advantage in every match category, whereas using flip as FOS led mostly to a winning probability below 50% for the FOS player. Except for the FH flip in women’s matches, it was always a bigger advantage for the FOS player if he/she could finish the rally at latest with the follow up attack after the FOS which means that the winning probability for the FOS player decreased in the longer rallies. Compared to prevailing methods in table tennis match analysis, which are based on fixed shot numbers, taking the FOS as object of analyses of rally opening is an innovative new approach focusing on the tactical meaning of shots that is not expressed in shot number. En los primeros golpes del tenis de mesa, los jugadores se enfrentan a una decisión táctica básica: devolver la pelota en corto y de forma pasiva o atacarla con un golpe ofensivo. En el primer caso, hay menos riesgo, pero no hay presión para hacer el punto; en el segundo caso, se crea presión, pero con un alto riesgo porque el servicio y los previos golpes “pasivos” tratan de dificultar al máximo un golpe ofensivo, que normalmente es corto y plano. Por lo tanto, el verdadero punto de inflexión de un peloteo es este golpe –en este estudio llamado “primer golpe ofensivo” (FOS, por su sigla en inglés)–, el cual es la transición del juego pasivo al ofensivo. Este estudio investiga el FOS, el cual se define como el primer golpe después del servicio sin ponerle efecto a la pelota, para 90 partidos (nrally = 7449) de los Juegos Olímpicos de Río 2016. Se analizan los parámetros del FOS –lateralidad, técnica y posición en la mesa en el punto de contacto– y las respectivas probabilidades de victoria. Se estudian las influencias del género y de la clasificación de los jugadores (lo que da lugar a tres categorías de partidos diferentes) en esos parámetros. La estadística descriptiva sobre las incidencias de los FOS muestra que cuatro FOS típicos cubren el 98 % de todos los FOS. Las pruebas χ² revelan una relación significativa entre el género y estos FOS típicos. En cuanto a las categorías de los partidos, las pruebas demuestran una relación significativa entre las categorías de los partidos y la táctica del FOS para ambos géneros. También se encontró una diferencia en la táctica del FOS entre el jugador que sirve y el que recibe. Las probabilidades de victoria muestran que usar el efecto (de derecha o de revés) como FOS fue una ventaja en todas las categorías de los partidos, mientras que el uso del flip como FOS condujo en su mayoría a una probabilidad de victoria inferior al 50 % para el jugador del FOS. Excepto por el flip derecho en los partidos femeninos, siempre fue una mayor ventaja para el jugador del FOS si este podía terminar el peloteo de último con el ataque subsiguiente después del FOS, lo que significa que la probabilidad de victoria para el jugador del FOS disminuyó en los peloteos más largos. En comparación con los métodos predominantes en el análisis de partidos de tenis de mesa, que se basan en los números fijos de golpes, tomar el FOS como objeto de análisis del inicio del peloteo es un innovador y nuevo enfoque que se centra en el significado táctico de los golpes que no se expresa en el número de golpes. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2021-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/48 10.30827/Digibug.70278 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 3 No 1 (2021): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 10-21 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 3 Núm. 1 (2021): Enero - Junio| International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 10-21 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/48/42 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/48/69 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/48/59 Copyright (c) 2021 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/50 2025-03-26T23:32:27Z ijrss:ART

Placement of inertial measurement units in Racket Sports: Perceptions of coaches for IMU use during training and competition Colocación de unidades de medición inercial en los deportes de raqueta: percepciones de los entrenadores sobre el uso de IMU durante el entrenamiento y la competencia Wylde, Matthew James Masismadi, Nur Adilah Chee Yong, Low Callaway, Andrew James Williams, Jonathan Mark Badminton Table Tennis Tennis Squash Inertial Measurement Units bádminton tenis de mesa tenis squash Unidades de Medición Inercial While inertial measurement units (IMU) have become an integral part of sports performance analysis, upper body-mounted IMUs have been found to exhibit poor reliability in measuring lower-limb loading. In racket sports, IMUs have been placed in a number of positions on the upper body, lower body and racket in a research setting. A potential limitation to the concurrent use of multiple IMUs is that coaches may be reluctant to allow their athletes to wear the units during training and competition due to concerns that the units would interfere with athlete movement. This study seeks to understand the perceptions of racket sports coaches towards the use of IMUs in training and competition. A total of 58 racket sport coaches responded to a survey on the use of IMUs during training and competition. Based on the responses, 96.6% (56 out of 58) of coaches indicated that they would allow their athletes to wear IMUs in training, while 65.5% (38 out of 58) would allow their athletes to wear IMUs during competition. For use in training, 9 of the 14 suggested IMU placements received significant positive responses. However, none of the suggested IMU placements received significant positive responses for use during competition and 11 of the 14 received significant negative responses. This suggests that while coaches understand the benefits of collecting data from IMUs during competition. Despite this, for use in training, a number of upper and lower body-mounted IMUs placements have the potential to be part of regular monitoring in racket sports. Aunque las unidades de medición inercial (IMU, por su sigla en inglés) se han convertido en una parte integral del análisis del rendimiento deportivo, se ha descubierto que las IMU colocadas en la parte superior del cuerpo presentan poca fiabilidad en cuanto a la medición de la carga de las extremidades inferiores. En los deportes de raqueta, las IMU se han puesto en varias posiciones en la parte superior del cuerpo, la parte inferior y la raqueta en un entorno de investigación. Una posible limitación para el uso simultáneo de múltiples IMU es que los entrenadores pueden ser reacios a permitir que sus atletas lleven las unidades durante el entrenamiento y la competencia debido a la preocupación de que las unidades interfieran con el movimiento del atleta. Este estudio pretende conocer las percepciones de los entrenadores de deportes de raqueta frente al uso de las IMU en el entrenamiento y la competencia. Un total de 58 entrenadores de deportes de raqueta respondieron una encuesta sobre el uso de las IMU durante el entrenamiento y la competencia. A partir de las respuestas, el 96,6 % (56 de 58) de los entrenadores indicó que permitirían a sus atletas llevar las IMU en el entrenamiento, mientras que el 65,5 % (38 de 58) permitiría a sus atletas llevar las IMU durante la competencia. Para su uso durante el entrenamiento, 9 de las 14 colocaciones de IMU sugeridas recibieron respuestas positivas significativas. Sin embargo, ninguna de las ubicaciones de IMU sugeridas recibió respuestas positivas significativas para su uso durante la competencia, y 11 de las 14 recibieron respuestas negativas significativas. Esto sugiere que, si bien los entrenadores entienden los beneficios de la recopilación de datos de las IMU durante la competencia. A pesar de esto, para su uso durante el entrenamiento, varias colocaciones de IMU puestas en la parte superior e inferior del cuerpo tienen el potencial de ser parte de un monitoreo regular en los deportes de raqueta.   International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2021-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/50 10.30827/Digibug.70282 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 3 No 1 (2021): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 45-55 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 3 Núm. 1 (2021): Enero - Junio| International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 45-55 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/50/53 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/50/73 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/50/63 Copyright (c) 2021 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/55 2023-04-21T03:49:33Z ijrss:ART

Analysis of the effectiveness of technical-tactical elements during the serve-receive phase in youth female table tennis athletes Análisis de la efectividad de los elementos técnico-tácticos durante la fase de servicio-recepción en jóvenes atletas de tenis de mesa Nikolakakis, Andreas Mavridis, George Gourgoulis, Vassilios Katsikadelis, Michail serve receive winning shots video analysis Servicio Recepción Disparo ganador Análisis de video The aim of the current study was to record and compare the technical and tactical elements of the strokes during serve, receive and winning shots between winning and defeated female table tennis athletes, belonging to the cadet leagues and to study their relation with the outcome of the match. The sample for this study was 36 official table tennis matches (2487 rallies) of Cadets (14 ± 1.48 years). The technical and tactical analyses was concerned to the type and direction of serve and receive, the success rates of the player serving and receiving, as well as the process of winning a point after an offensive shot. In order to record and analyze the matches, the method of video analysis was used and for the statistical treatment of the data the non-parametric x2 test was implemented. The results revealed that the forehand grip was mainly used for the execution of a serve and the serve of the young female winners was statistically superior to the losers, regarding the score and the rates of successful receive. Statistically significant differences were also observed in the first return of the ball after the execution of the serve, where the winners preferred mostly the forehand-push, backhand-topspin and forehand-topspin, making even more winning shots compared to the losers. The findings of the current study could be used by coaches in Cadet leagues to improve training methods and help them to provide feedback to the athletes during the matches. El objetivo de este estudio fue grabar y comparar los elementos técnicos y tácticos de los golpes en el servicio, la recepción y los golpes ganadores (winner shots) entre atletas de tenis de mesa mujeres ganadoras y derrotadas que pertenecen a ligas cadetes, y estudiar su relación con el resultado del partido. La muestra para este estudio fue de 36 partidos oficiales de tenis de mesa (2487 rallies) de cadetes (14 ± 1.48 años). Los análisis técnicos y tácticos estaban relacionados con el tipo y dirección del servicio y la recepción, las tasas de éxito de la jugadora al servir y recibir, así como el proceso de ganar un punto luego de un golpe ofensivo. Con el fin de grabar y analizar los partidos, se usó el método de análisis de video y para el tratamiento estadístico de los datos se usó la prueba no paramétrica x2. Los resultados revelaron que el agarre forehand era usado principalmente para la ejecución de un servicio, y el servicio de las mujeres ganadoras jóvenes fue estadísticamente superior al de las perdedoras en cuanto al puntaje y las tasas de recepción exitosa. También se observaron diferencias significativas estadísticamente en la primera devolución de la pelota luego de la ejecución del servicio, cuando las ganadoras prefirieron principalmente el forehand-push, el backhand-topspin y el forehand-topspin lograron más golpes ganadores comparadas con las perdedoras. Los hallazgos del presente estudio pueden ser útiles para los entrenadores en las ligas cadetes para que mejoren sus métodos de entrenamiento y puedan brindar una mejor retroalimentación a las atletas durante los partidos. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2021-12-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/55 10.30827/Digibug.73534 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 3 No 2 (2021): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 21-25 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 3 Núm. 2 (2021): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 21-25 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/55/75 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/55/96 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/55/103 Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/56 2023-04-21T03:49:33Z ijrss:ART

Early talent identification in tennis: A retrospective study Identificación temprana de talento en tenis: un estudio retrospectivo Siener, Maximilian Ferrauti, Alexander Hohmann, Andreas Aptitude Tennis Talent identification Physical fitness Longitudinal study Talento Tenis Prueba de desempeño Pronóstico Éxito Talent identification often begins at the age of entry into a sport: namely, even under the age of 9 years old (U9). However, the success of such early talent identification is questionable. Therefore, the aim of this long-term retrospective study is to examine whether today’s more successful junior tennis players already differed from today’s less successful junior tennis players in terms of physical fitness and motor competence when both groups were U9. If significant differences in performance characteristics between successful and less successful tennis players were already apparent at this young age, such characteristics could be used to forecast talent at an early stage. Based on their current tennis success, a total of 174 junior tennis players were divided into national ranked players (n = 16: players who achieved a place in the official national junior tennis ranking list of the German Tennis Federation) and non-ranked players (n = 158). All of these players had already participated in two anthropometric and nine physical fitness and motor competence tests at U9 (e.g., sprint, endurance run, ball throw). Using a MANCOVA and a correlation analysis, we retrospectively examined whether the two current performance groups had differed significantly in their U9 test scores and whether these athletes’ U9 test performance scores correlated with their current playing success. No significant (p < 0.05) differences were found between ranked and non‑ranked junior players in terms of U9 body weight and height. However, with the exception of flexibility, all physical fitness tests and motor competence tests showed significant results. The ball throw was the most relevant test parameter, as it showed the highest prognostic validity (effect size ƞ2 = .157 and r = .360). This test was followed by the two test tasks standing long jump (effect size ƞ2 = .081 and r = .287) and endurance run (effect size ƞ2 = .065 and r = .296). Overall, the U9 findings are in line with the results from other studies of U12‒U18 tennis players. Therefore, it can be assumed that talent‑specific characteristics remain stable over a certain period of time and that U9 test performances may provide an early indication of later playing success. La identificación de talentos a menudo suele comenzar desde la edad de entrada al deporte, es decir, incluso por debajo de los 9 años (U9). Sin embargo, el éxito de dicha identificación de talento temprana es cuestionable. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio retrospectivo a largo plazo es analizar si los jugadores juveniles de tenis más exitosos hoy en día ya eran diferentes de los jugadores juveniles de tenis menos exitosos hoy en día en términos de aptitud física y competencia motora cuando los dos grupos eran U9. Si a esta temprana edad ya eran notables diferencias significativas en las características de desempeño entre los jugadores de tenis exitosos y menos exitosos, dichas características podrían usarse para predecir el talento desde una etapa temprana. Basados en su actual éxito en el tenis, un total de 174 jugadores juveniles de tenis fueron divididos en jugadores de clasificación nacional (n= 16: jugadores que obtuvieron un lugar en la lista oficial de clasificación nacional juvenil de tenis de la Federación Alemana de Tenis) y jugadores por fuera de la clasificación (n=158). Todos estos jugadores ya habían participado en dos pruebas antropométricas y nueve de aptitud física y competencia motora en U9 (ej. sprint, carrera de resistencia, lanzamiento de balón). Usando un análisis de correlación y el MANCOVA, analizamos retrospectivamente si los dos grupos de desempeño actual diferían significativamente de los puntajes en sus pruebas en U9, y si esos puntajes de las pruebas de rendimiento en U9 de estos atletas se correlacionaban con su éxito de juego actual. No se encontraron diferencias significativas (p < 0,05) entre los jugadores juveniles dentro la clasificación y por fuera de ella en términos de peso y altura en U9. Sin embargo, exceptuando la flexibilidad, todas las pruebas de aptitud física y competencia motora presentaron resultados significativos. El lanzamiento de balón fue la prueba más relevante ya que demostró la mayor validez pronóstica (tamaño del efecto ƞ2 = .157 y r = .360). A esta prueba le siguieron dos actividades de prueba, salto de longitud de pie (tamaño del efecto ƞ2 = .081 y r = .287) y carrera de resistencia (tamaño del efecto ƞ2 = .065 y r = .296). En general, los resultados en U9 están en línea con los resultados de otros estudios de jugadores de tenis en U12-U18. Por lo tanto, puede asumirse que las características de talento específicas permanecen estables durante cierto periodo de tiempo y que el desempeño en las pruebas en U9 puede ser un indicador temprano de futuro éxito en el juego. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2021-12-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/56 10.30827/Digibug.73876 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 3 No 2 (2021): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 26-38 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 3 Núm. 2 (2021): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 26-38 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/56/78 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/56/97 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/56/104 Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/57 2023-04-21T03:49:33Z ijrss:ART

Predicting Table Tennis Tournaments: A comparison of statistical modelling techniques Predecir torneos de tenis de mesa: una comparación de técnicas de modelización estadística Lennartz, Jan Groll, Andreas van der Wurp, Hendrik Tournament Analysis Random Forest Statistical Learning Table Tennis LASSO Regression Análisis de torneo Bosque Aleatorio Aprendizaje estadístico Tenis de mesa Regresión LASSO Every year, at least one of four important recurring table tennis tournaments takes place, where top players compete. Those tournaments are the World Table Tennis Championships, the Table Tennis World Cup, the Olympic Games and the ITTF World Tour. In other areas of sports, it is common to analyse major tournaments and predict future ones (see, e.g., Groll et al., 2018, for football). This work aims to bring this aspect of analysis to the world of table tennis by conducting recent holdings of the Men’s World Cup and the Grand Finals of the Men’s ITTF World Tour. There are two main goals: 1) to compare different modelling techniques on historic tournaments to find the model with the best predictive performance, and 2) to understand which factors are important for good predictions. The results show that it is indeed possible to apply statistical machine learning methods on table tennis tournaments for prediction with a correct classification rate of around 75% by a random forest and 74% by a penalized generalized linear logit model. Even though both models based their predictive power mainly on the official table tennis rankings and points, variables like age, playing hand or individual strength were important factors as well. Este trabajo tiene dos objetivos principales: 1) comparar los diferentes modelos estadísticos que se aplican a torneos históricos para encontrar un modelo estadístico adecuado, es decir, el modelo con el mejor rendimiento predictivo, y 2) entender cuáles factores son importantes para una buena predicción. Cada año se celebra al menos uno de los cuatro torneos importantes y recurrentes de tenis de mesa en los que compiten los mejores jugadores. Esos torneos son el Campeonato Mundial de Tenis de Mesa, la Copa del Mundo de Tenis de Mesa, los Juegos Olímpicos, y el Circuito Mundial de Tenis de Mesa. En otras áreas del deporte, es común analizar torneos importantes y predecir los futuros. Este trabajo pretende traer ese aspecto del análisis al mundo del tenis de mesa al evaluar las competencias recientes en la Copa del Mundo y las Grandes Finales del Circuito Mundial, ambas en la categoría masculina. Los resultados demuestran que es posible aplicar métodos estadísticos de aprendizaje automático a los torneos de tenis de mesa para predecir con una tasa de clasificación correcta de alrededor del 75% a través de un bosque aleatorio y del 74% con un modelo logit lineal generalizado penalizado. Aunque ambos modelos basan su poder predictivo principalmente en las clasificaciones oficiales de tenis de mesa y puntos, las variables como la edad, la destreza en el juego o la fuerza individual también fueron factores importantes. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2021-12-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/57 10.30827/Digibug.73877 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 3 No 2 (2021): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 39-48 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 3 Núm. 2 (2021): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 39-48 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/57/79 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/57/98 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/57/99 Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/58 2023-04-21T03:49:33Z ijrss:ART

Indistinguishability of Racket and Body Kinematics during Different Table Tennis Serves for International Elite and Intermediate Players Indistinguibilidad de la cinemática de la raqueta y del cuerpo en diferentes servicios de tenis de mesa en jugadores internaciones de élite e intermedios Iino, Yoichi Tamaki, Sho Inaba, Yuki Yamada, Koshi Yoshida, Kazuto linear discriminant analysis disguising motion machine learning table tennis serve análisis discriminante linear movimiento para enmascarar aprendizaje automático tenis de mesa servicio Table tennis serves are strokes in which disguise and deception skills are important. This study aimed to investigate whether international elite table tennis players can make their racket and body kinematics more indistinguishable than intermediate players during three different serve types. Five former international elite and 8 intermediate players performed 3–12 trials of each serve type. The kinematics of the server’s body and the racket was determined using a motion capture system. The time instant of racket-ball impact was determined using a high-speed video camera recorded at 2,000Hz, which was synchronized with the motion capture system. Misclassification rates when the serve type was classified using the racket and body kinematics were determined using linear discriminant analysis. Elite players showed higher misclassification rates for the racket kinematics than intermediate players during the early swing and follow-through phases. The body kinematics suggested that the elite players made their racket kinematics more indistinguishable using different approaches between the early swing and follow-through phases. The elite players tended to make the racket’s angular velocity more similar and make the wrist rotational variables more indistinguishable in different serves compared to the intermediate players during the early swing phase. In contrast, the elite players made the racket’s linear motion more variable within individual serve types than the intermediate players during the follow-through. The results suggest that intermediate players are recommended to practice making wrist angular motions more similar during the early swing phase and making racket linear motions more variable during the follow-through in order to improve the disguise skill in table tennis serves. Los servicios en el tenis de mesa son movimientos en los que las habilidades para enmascarar y engañar son importantes. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar si los jugadores de tenis de mesa de élite internacionales pueden hacer que la cinemática de su raqueta y cuerpo sea más indistinguible que los jugadores intermedios durante tres tipos de servicio diferentes. Cinco exjugadores internacionales de élite y 8 jugadores intermedios realizaron de 3 a 12 intentos de cada tipo de servicio. La cinemática del cuerpo y de la raqueta del servidor fue determinada a través de un sistema de captura del movimiento. El momento del impacto raqueta-pelota fue determinado usando una videocámara de alta velocidad con sistema de captura de movimiento. Las tasas de clasificación errónea cuando el tipo de servicio fue clasificado usando la cinemática de la raqueta y del cuerpo fueron determinadas por medio de un análisis discriminante linear. Los jugadores de élite mostraron tasas de clasificación errónea más altas en la cinemática de la raqueta que los jugadores intermedios durante la fase inicial del swing y la fase de terminación. La cinemática del cuerpo sugirió que los jugadores de élite hicieron su cinemática de la raqueta más indistinguible al usar diferentes enfoques entre la fase inicial del swing y la de terminación. Los jugadores de élite tuvieron una tendencia a hacer que la velocidad angular de la raqueta fuera más similar y las variables de rotación de la muñeca fueran más indistinguibles en diferentes servicios comparados con los jugadores intermedios durante la fase inicial del swing. En contraste, los jugadores de élite hicieron que el movimiento lineal de la raqueta fuera más variable en tipos de servicio individual que los jugadores intermedios durante la terminación. Los resultados sugieren que los jugadores intermedios deberían hacer movimientos angulares de muñeca más similares durante la fase inicial del swing y hacer que los movimientos lineares de la raqueta sean más variables durante la terminación para mejorar la habilidad para enmascarar los servicios de tenis de mesa. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2021-12-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/58 10.30827/Digibug.72312 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 3 No 2 (2021): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 1-9 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 3 Núm. 2 (2021): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 1-9 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/58/74 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/58/94 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/58/101 Copyright (c) 2021 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/61 2023-04-21T03:51:01Z ijrss:ED

Editorial Editorial Lees, Adrian Editorial International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2020-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/61 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 2 No 1 (2020): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 2 Núm. 1 (2020): Enero - Junio | International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/61/51 Copyright (c) 2021 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/62 2023-04-21T03:51:22Z ijrss:ED

Editorial Editorial Kondric, Miran Editorial Editorial International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2021-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/62 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 3 No 1 (2021): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 3 Núm. 1 (2021): Enero - Junio| International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/62/52 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/62/55 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/62/57 Copyright (c) 2021 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/64 2023-04-01T05:35:54Z ijrss:ART

Kinematics differences between one-handed and two-handed tennis backhand using gyroscopes. An exploratory study Diferencias cinemáticas entre el revés a una y dos manos de tenis usando giróscopos. Un estudio exploratorio Ruiz-Malagón, Emilio J Delgado-García, Gabriel Ritacco-Real, Maximiliano Soto-Hermoso, Víctor M. Wearable Inertial sensors Angular speed Upper body racket sports Vestible Sensores inerciales Velocidad angular Tren superior deportes de raqueta The main objective of this article is to compare angular kinematics and intersegmental coordination of the upper limbs between one-handed and two handed backhands in a sample of 20 male competition players by using gyroscopes and compare ball speeds and accuracy obtained in both types of backhands. The angular kinematics, intersegmental coordination, ball speed and accuracy were compared during a specific stroke performance test using four inertial sensors (trunk, head, arm and forearm). We hypothesize that there will be significant differences in terms of ωpeak and intersegmental coordination in some of the segments measured between DH and SH by using gyroscopes, but the opposite will happen in the variables speed ball and accuracy. There are no significant differences between one-handed backhand and two-handed backhand in terms of speed and accuracy. Higher peaks angular speeds were found in the trunk and arm over the x axis in two-handed backhand which could indicate that this type of backhand generates greater trunk rotation and external rotation of the arm and forearm compared to one-handed backhand. The peak angular speeds were greater in the arm and forearm on the z axis in the case of one-handed backhand which is related to a greater extension of the forearm accompanied by a higher termination in the technical gesture. In conclusion, the proposed model of biomechanical analysis through the use of gyroscopes is especially useful for kinematic analysis of tennis strokes during field-based experimentation and could easily be adapted to other sports. It is also a low-cost and portable alternative that includes all instrumentation and data processing. El objetivo principal del presente estudio es comparar la cinemática angular y la coordinación intersegmentaria del tren superior entre el revés a una y dos manos de tenis en una muestra de 20 jugadores de nivel competición mediante el uso de giróscopos, y comparar las velocidades de pelota y la precisión obtenidas en ambos tipos de revés. La cinemática angular, la coordinación intersegmentaria, la velocidad de pelota y la precisión se obtuvieron de cada jugador mediante una prueba de golpeo realizada con cuatro sensores inerciales colocados (tronco, cabeza, brazo y antebrazo). Se sostiene la hipótesis de que se encontraran diferencias significativas en términos de ωpico y coordinación intersegmentaria en alguno de los segmentos intervinientes en el revés a una y dos manos, pero sucederá lo contrario en las variables velocidad de pelota y precisión. Tras el análisis de los resultados, no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el revés a una y dos manos en velocidad de pelota y precisión. Sin embargo, se encontraron velocidades angulares pico significativamente más altas en el tronco y brazo sobre el eje x en el revés a dos manos, lo que podría indicar que este tipo de revés genera una rotación de tronco y una rotación externa de brazo y antebrazo mayores que las del revés a una mano. Las velocidades angulares pico fueron significativamente mayores en el brazo y antebrazo sobre el eje z en el caso del revés a una mano, lo cual está relacionado con una mayor extensión del antebrazo acompañada de una terminación más alta del gesto técnico. En conclusión, el modelo propuesto de análisis biomecánico a través del uso de giróscopos es especialmente útil para el análisis cinemático de los golpes de tenis en estudios de campo y podría adaptarse fácilmente a otros deportes, suponiendo una alternativa portable y de bajo coste que además incluye toda la instrumentación y procesamiento de los datos. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/64 10.30827/Digibug.76982 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 4 No 1 (2022): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 16-24 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 4 Núm. 1 (2022): Enero - Junio | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 16-24 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/64/105 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/64/117 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/64/125 Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/65 2023-04-01T05:35:54Z ijrss:ART

Management of Tennis elbow in racket sports – a literature review Tratamiento de codo de tenista en deportes de raqueta – revisión de la literatura Fahlström, Martin Zeisig, Eva Tendinopathy racket sport overuse injury lateral epicondylitis Tendinopatía deporte de raqueta lesión por sobreuso epicondilitis lateral Background: Pain from the lateral aspect of the elbow is a common symptom in racket sports, both in recreational and competitive players. In Tennis elbow (TE), the pain is elicited from the lateral epicondyle and the common extensor origin just distal of the epicondyle. The symptoms are aggravated by gripping activity and might be related to activity level, in work as well as in recreational or elite racket sports. TE is considered to be an overuse injury of degenerative nature and the diagnose is easily made, based on a typical history and clinical findings. Objective: To present current knowledge concerning management of TE in racket sports by a review of the literature. Methods: Narrative literature review. Results: An overview of TE in racket sports with highlight on the clinical features, alternative diagnoses and suggested treatments in the literature. Since TE is considered to be an overuse injury, the paper also provides advises for training plan besides management until resolution of symptoms. Conclusions: This painful condition is self-limiting with a good prognosis. No treatment has convincingly evidence, besides methods for reducing pain symptoms. When the pain symptoms are under control, it is important that the return to racket sports is gradual. Antecedentes: El dolor en la parte lateral del codo es un síntoma común en los deportes de raqueta, tanto en jugadores recreacionales como de competición. En el codo de tenista (CT), el dolor se produce en el epicóndilo lateral y en el origen del extensor común justo distal al epicóndilo. Los síntomas se agravan con actividades de agarre y pueden estar relacionados con el nivel de actividad, ya sea en el trabajo o en los deportes de raqueta recreacionales o de élite. Se considera que el CT es una lesión por sobreuso de naturaleza degenerativa y el diagnóstico se realiza fácilmente basado en la historia y los hallazgos clínicos. Objetivo: Presentar el conocimiento actual sobre el tratamiento del CT en los deportes de raqueta a través de una revisión de la literatura. Métodos: Revisión de la literatura narrativa. Resultados: Un resumen del CT en los deportes de raqueta con énfasis en las características clínicas, los diagnósticos alternativos y los tratamientos sugeridos en la literatura. Dado que el CT se considera una lesión por sobreuso, el artículo también hace sugerencias para un plan de entrenamiento adicional al tratamiento hasta que se resuelvan los síntomas. Conclusiones: Esta condición dolorosa es autolimitada y tiene un buen pronóstico. No hay tratamiento con evidencia determinante, además de los métodos para reducir los síntomas de dolor. Cuando los síntomas de dolor están bajo control, es importante que el regreso a los deportes de raqueta sea gradual. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/65 10.30827/Digibug.77268 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 4 No 1 (2022): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 25-31 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 4 Núm. 1 (2022): Enero - Junio | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 25-31 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/65/109 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/65/116 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/65/126 Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/66 2023-04-01T05:35:54Z ijrss:ART

A narrative review of Achilles tendon ruptures in racket sports Revisión narrativa de las roturas de tendón de Aquiles en deportes de raqueta Larsson, Elin Brorsson, Annelie Carmont, Michael R. Fahlström, Martin Zeisig, Eva Nilsson-Helander, Katarina Achilles tendon ruptures ATR Racket Sports Badminton Tennis Padel Sports Injuries Rotura del tendón de Aquiles deportes de raqueta bádminton tenis pádel lesiones deportivas This review aims to enlighten the existing research about Achilles tendon ruptures (ATR) in racket sports. Further, this review will also include the acute management, rehabilitation, treatment and prognosis of an ATR. ATR is a common injury among individuals playing racket sports. However, the literature is limited and not up to date. Previous research claims that up to 70 percent of all ATR is related to sports activities where racket sports dominate. A large number of patients sustaining an ATR return to sport within a year from injury.  Esta revisión pretende cubrir la investigación existente sobre las roturas del tendón de Aquiles (RTA) en los deportes de raqueta. Adicionalmente, esta revisión narrativa también incluirá el manejo agudo, la rehabilitación, el tratamiento y el pronóstico de una RTA. La RTA es una lesión común entre individuos que practican deportes de raqueta, sin embargo, la literatura es limitada y no está actualizada. Investigaciones previas afirman que hasta el 70% de todas las RTA están relacionadas con actividades deportivas donde predominan los deportes de raqueta. Un gran número de pacientes que sufren RTA regresan al deporte en el plazo de un año desde la lesión. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/66 10.30827/Digibug.76979 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 4 No 1 (2022): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 9-15 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 4 Núm. 1 (2022): Enero - Junio | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 9-15 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/66/107 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/66/118 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/66/124 Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/67 2023-04-01T05:35:54Z ijrss:ART

Evaluation of a Freely Available Sensor Racket as a Diagnostic and Training Tool in Elite Badminton Evaluación de una raqueta con sensor disponible comercialmente como herramienta de diagnóstico y entrenamiento para bádminton de élite Gawin, Wolf Herbstreit, Andreas Fries, Udo Maiwald, Christian Inertial sensor systems movement analysis racket sports badminton Sistema de sensor inercial análisis del movimiento deportes de raqueta bádminton To avoid the drawbacks of optical video-based motion capture systems and due to the ongoing miniaturization of integrated sensors, an increasing variety of sensor-based systems has been used for motion capture in sports. Meanwhile, there are ready-made, commercially available solutions that claim to be capable of recording reliable kinematic data. This research project focuses on the question of whether a commercially available badminton racket with an integrated sensor device (Oliver® Plasma TX 5) provides meaningful data for diagnostic and training purposes in elite sports. Therefore, 16 elite badminton players executed jump smashes using this sensor racket while the kinematics of the stroke technique were recorded using a high speed video-based system. Bland-Altman plots were applied to analyze the agreement between the two systems. The plots revealed a systematic bias and 95% limits of agreement ranging from 6% to 23%: The detection of stroke techniques showed a 42% rate of success. These data show that the measurement accuracy of the sensor racket is not sufficient for use in diagnostics or training. Future development of the sensor racket could include a method to calibrate the system prior to a measurement, in addition to correcting the underlying algorithm to reduce the bias. Para evitar las desventajas de los sistemas ópticos de captura de movimiento basados en video y debido a la continua miniaturización de los sensores integrados, una creciente variedad de sistemas basados en sensores se ha usado para la captura de movimiento en deportes. Entretanto, existen soluciones ya terminadas y comercialmente disponibles que afirman ser capaces de registrar datos cinemáticos confiables. Este proyecto de investigación se enfoca en la pregunta de si una raqueta de bádminton disponible comercialmente con un sensor integrado (Oliver® Plasma TX 5) proporciona datos relevantes para el diagnóstico y entrenamiento en deportes de élite. Por tanto, 16 jugadores de bádminton de élite ejecutaron remates en salto usando la raqueta con sensor mientras la cinemática de la técnica del golpe era grabada con un sistema de alta velocidad basado en video. Los gráficos de Bland-Altman se usaron para analizar la concordancia entre los dos sistemas. Los gráficos revelaron un sesgo sistemático y límites de concordancia del 95% entre 6% y 23%. La detección de las técnicas del golpe evidenció una tasa de éxito del 42%. Estos datos demuestran que la precisión en la medición de la raqueta con sensor no es suficiente para usarla en diagnóstico o entrenamiento. El desarrollo futuro de la raqueta con sensor podría incluir un método para calibrar el sistema antes de hacer una medición, además de corregir el algoritmo subyacente para reducir el sesgo. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/67 10.30827/Digibug.77205 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 4 No 1 (2022): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 2-8 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 4 Núm. 1 (2022): Enero - Junio | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 2-8 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/67/106 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/67/119 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/67/123 Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/68 2023-05-02T21:13:18Z ijrss:ART

Accuracy of subjective stats of key performance indicators in tennis Jindo, Takashi Mitsuhashi, Daisuke Kubota, Tatsumasa Performance analysis profiling feedback tactics The compilation of stats by performance analysis is common in matches with top professional tennis players. However, outside the top level such objectively evaluated stats and feedback for players are rare. With this in mind, we developed an original method that asks players to subjectively evaluate the match stats. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of subjective stats in tennis. The participants were 30 male collegiate athletes, including some who had participated in national-level competitions. The participants played a 6-game, 1-set practice match, and immediately after the match subjectively evaluated the stats of key performance indicators such as percentages, number of shots, and rally patterns. Objective stats were aggregated using video clips recorded by a digital camera or smartphone. Based on Bland-Altman plots show that subjectively evaluating their own performance indicators helped to confirm the objective stats. Although some variables showed fixed or proportional biases, the mean differences were not significant (percentage of first serve in: 1.733% points; double faults: 0.400 times; net plays: -0.767 times; unforced errors: -2.133 times). These findings support the implementation of a subjective evaluation of key performance indicators in tennis players who might have difficulty incorporating objective evaluations. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2023-02-06 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/68 10.30827/Digibug.80313 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 4 No 2 (2022): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 32-39 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 4 Núm. 2 (2022): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 32-39 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/68/132 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/68/159 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/68/160 Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/70 2023-10-23T17:56:58Z ijrss:ART

Reliability and validity of motion sensor and radar for measuring shuttlecock velocity in badminton Fiabilidad y validez del sensor de movimiento y el radar para medir la velocidad del volante en bádminton Phomsoupha, Michael Bonneau, Florie Laffaye, Guillaume shuttle run performance analysis ecological validity lunge carrera análisis del rendimiento validez ecológica zancada Radar doppler and inertial measurement unit are often used to analyze the projectile velocity. The aim of the present study was to analyse the reliability and validity of a specifically motion sensor (named: Zepp Tennis) and a radar (Doppler-radar gun) for measuring projectile velocity. Thirty-four (novice, intermediate and expert) stroke badminton smash in a located target. Projectile velocity from five smashes were extracted using Zepp Tennis and Doppler-radar gun data. Between reproducibility of measures was determined by comparing the two sessions. Zepp Tennis and Doppler-radar gun measures were compared with high-frequency video data to establish validity. Both instruments were highly reproducible between trials at different velocity (intra-class correlation coefficient: 0.88-0.94 for radar and 0.78-0.89 for motion sensor). In addition, the positioning of the radar (front of the projectile and angulation) and the placement of the motion sensor and the complexity of the movement (forearm extension and pronation) affect the reproducibility. In terms of validity, radar and motion sensor provides an accurate measure but underestimate projectile velocity (-9.7% and -13.6% respectively). El radar Doppler y la unidad de medición inercial se utilizan a menudo para analizar la velocidad del proyectil. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la fiabilidad y la validez de un sensor de movimiento (denominado Zepp Tennis) y un radar (pistola de radar Doppler) para medir la velocidad del proyectil. Treinta y cuatro jugadores (novatos, intermedios y expertos) realizaron golpes de bádminton en un objetivo localizado. Se extrajo la velocidad del proyectil de cinco golpes utilizando los datos del Zepp Tennis y de la pistola de radar Doppler. La reproducibilidad entre las medidas se determinó comparando las dos sesiones. Las medidas del Zepp Tennis y de la pistola de radar Doppler se compararon con los datos de vídeo de alta frecuencia para establecer su validez. Ambos instrumentos fueron altamente reproducibles entre las pruebas a diferente velocidad (coeficiente de correlación intraclase: 0,88-0,94 para el radar y 0,78-0,89 para el sensor de movimiento). Además, la ubicación del radar (en frente del proyectil y angulación), la ubicación del sensor de movimiento y la complejidad del movimiento (extensión y pronación del antebrazo) afectan a la reproducibilidad. En términos de validez, el radar y el sensor de movimiento proporcionan una medida precisa, pero subestiman la velocidad del proyectil (-9,7% y -13,6% respectivamente). International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2022-12-17 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/70 10.30827/Digibug.80314 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 4 No 2 (2022): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 11-19 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 4 Núm. 2 (2022): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 11-19 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/70/130 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/70/156 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/70/155 Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/71 2025-03-27T03:32:23Z ijrss:ART

The influence of self-reported total sleep time and sleep quality on physical performance in junior tennis players La influencia del tiempo de sueño total autorreportado y la calidad del sueño en el desempeño físico de jugadores júnior de tenis Turner, Mitchell Lo, Johnny Beranek, Philipp Dunican, Ian Cruickshank, Travis Reaction time Restfulness Sleep efficiency Teenager Tennis agility Tiempo de reacción descanso eficiencia del sueño adolescente agilidad en tenis Studies have shown the importance of sleep on tennis skill execution; however, its influence on physical performance metrics is unclear. This study aimed to examine the extent to which sleep duration and sleep quality metrics influence physical performance metrics in junior tennis players. Thirty-six junior tennis players from Australia and Germany completed the Consensus Sleep Diary over seven nights. A novel total sleep score based on current National Sleep Foundation recommendations was generated (calculated as the percentage of the average standardised sleep metrics), for each player. Players physical performance was measured using a comprehensive tennis-specific testing battery. This included sit and reach test for flexibility, counter movement jump and overhead medicine ball throw for power, 5-, 10- and 20-metre sprints for speed, tennis agility test for agility and reaction time, grip strength for strength, repeat sprint ability for anaerobic capacity and the Hit and Turn Tennis Test for aerobic capacity. Teenage (14 to 17 years of age) players reported significantly lower sleep duration (471 ± 116 min versus 543 ± 72 min; p <0.001, d = 0.83) and sleep efficiency (90% ± 11% versus 94 % ± 5%; p = 0.011, d = 0.49) metrics than school-aged players. Players with higher self-reported sleep quality had slower reaction times during a tennis agility test (r = 0.604, p = 0.011). However, players who reported feeling more rested and refreshed had faster reaction times during a tennis agility test (r = -0.579, p = 0.020). No other significant associations were present between self-reported sleep metrics and physical performance metrics. Nevertheless, feeling well-rested and refreshed, one of the primary outcomes of sleep, improves reaction time during a tennis-specific agility test. However, physical performance metrics are not significantly influenced by small variations in recommended sleep duration and sleep quality ranges. Diversos estudios demuestran la importancia del sueño en la ejecución de las habilidades en el tenis, sin embargo, su influencia en las métricas del desempeño físico no es clara. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar hasta qué punto las métricas de la duración y calidad del sueño influencian las métricas del desempeño físico en jugadores júnior de tenis. Treinta y seis jugadores júnior de tenis de Australia y Alemania completaron el Diario de Sueño Consensuado durante siete noches. Para cada jugador se creó una nueva puntuación del sueño total basada en las recomendaciones actuales de la Fundación Nacional del Sueño (calculada como el porcentaje de la media de las métricas de sueño estandarizadas). El desempeño físico de los jugadores fue medido con una batería integral de pruebas específicas para el tenis. Las pruebas incluidas fueron la prueba de sentarse y alcanzar para flexibilidad, el salto en contramovimiento y el lanzamiento de balón medicinal sobre la cabeza para la potencia, sprints de 5, 10 y 20 metros para la velocidad, la prueba de agilidad en tenis para la agilidad y el tiempo de reacción, fuerza de agarre para la fuerza, capacidad de repetir sprint para la capacidad anaeróbica y la prueba de golpear y girar en tenis para la capacidad aeróbica. Los jugadores adolescentes (de 14 a 17 años) reportaron métricas significativamente menores en la duración del sueño (471 ± 116 min frente a 543 ± 72 min; p <0,001, d = 0,83) y la eficiencia del sueño (90% ± 11% versus 94 % ± 5%; p = 0,011, d = 0,49) comparadas con las de jugadores en edad escolar. Los jugadores con mayor calidad de sueño autorreportada tuvieron tiempos de reacción más lentos durante la prueba de agilidad en tenis (r = 0,604, p = 0,011). Sin embargo, los jugadores que reportaron sentirse más descansados y renovados tuvieron tiempos de reacción más rápidos durante la prueba de agilidad en tenis (r = -0,579, p = 0,020). No se encontraron otras asociaciones significativas entre las métricas de sueño autorreportadas y las del desempeño físico. No obstante, sentirse descansado y renovado, uno de los resultados principales del sueño, mejora el tiempo de reacción en la prueba de agilidad específica para tenis. Por otra parte, las métricas del desempeño físico no están influenciadas significativamente por las pequeñas variaciones en la duración del sueño y los rangos de calidad del sueño recomendados. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/71 10.30827/Digibug.77269 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 4 No 1 (2022): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 32-40 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 4 Núm. 1 (2022): Enero - Junio | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 32-40 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/71/108 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/71/115 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/71/127 Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/73 2023-04-01T05:35:54Z ijrss:ART

Superior Gaze Strategies of Elite Badminton Players and the Significance of Natural Research Conditions Estrategias de la mirada superiores en jugadores de bádminton de élite y la importancia de las condiciones naturales de investigación Gawin, Wolf Fries, Udo Maiwald, Christian gaze behavior racket sports experts-near-experts elite badminton Conducta de la mirada deportes de raqueta expertos-casi-expertos bádminton de élite Gaze behavior and performance of internationally ranked players and “near”-expert players were investigated under field conditions for the game situation service-return in badminton. According to literature, it was assumed that expert players focus more frequently on the racket arm, wrist, and racket of the opponent, while less experienced players focus on the shuttle. Thus, gaze strategy would have an influence on performance. The results contradicted the initial hypotheses: the higher the performance level of the athletes, the more frequently they directed their gaze to the shuttle. Non-professional players were found to focus more often on the upper body and face. To improve gaze behavior in the service situation, on-court drills with focusing on the shuttle region are assumed to be advantageous for athletes of all skill levels. Our research showed that players use other visual search strategies when observing a real opponent then when confronted with a two-dimensional stimulus. La conducta de la mirada y el desempeño de jugadores de categoría internacional y “casi” expertos fueron investigados en condiciones de campo para la situación de juego servicio-devolución en bádminton. Según la literatura, se asumía que los jugadores expertos se enfocan con más frecuencia en el brazo de la raqueta, la muñeca y la raqueta del oponente, mientras que los jugadores menos experimentados se enfocan en el volante. Por tanto, la estrategia de la mirada tendría una influencia en el desempeño. Los resultados contradicen las hipótesis iniciales: entre más alto sea el nivel de desempeño de los atletas, más dirigen la mirada al volante. Los jugadores no profesionales se enfocaron más en la parte superior del cuerpo y el rostro. Se supone que los ejercicios en campo enfocados en el área del volante sirven para mejorar la conducta de la mirada en la situación de servicio en los atletas de todos los niveles de habilidad. Nuestra investigación demuestra que los jugadores usan unas estrategias de búsqueda visual al observar a un oponente real diferentes a las que usan con un estímulo de dos dimensiones. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/73 10.30827/Digibug.77270 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 4 No 1 (2022): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 41-51 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 4 Núm. 1 (2022): Enero - Junio | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 41-51 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/73/110 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/73/114 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/73/128 Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/75 2023-05-02T21:09:36Z ijrss:ART

The Oldenburg observation sheet for Table Tennis Technique (O3T) as a tool for talent identification and development: a reliability, validity and feasibility study Uso de la hoja de verificación de Oldenburg para la técnica en tenis de mesa (O3T) como una herramienta para la identificación y desarrollo del talento: un estudio de fiabilidad, validez y factibilidad Koopmann, Till Faber, Irene Büsch, Dirk Schorer, Jörg Technique Talent identification Talent Development Children Racket sports Técnica Identificación de talento Desarrollo de talento Niños Deportes de raqueta Background: The assessment of technical skills as part of a multidimensional approach for talent identification and development in table tennis appears promising. The O3T was developed to assess young table tennis players’ technical skills in a highly representative match situation. In this study, two expert coaches (highest coaching license, 25+ years of professional experience) used the O3T to assess the technical skills of 24 young Dutch table tennis players (9 girls, 15 boys; <12 years) based on video recordings. Results: Results for variables ‘technical quality’, ‘serve quantity’ and ‘stroke quantity’ were analyzed to assess the O3T’s reliability (both inter- and intra-rater), construct validity and feasibility. Bland-Altman-plots and ICCs showed sufficient general reliability with acceptable measurement errors. Variable ‘technical quality’ showed a moderate relationship (r = .44) with overall table tennis performance at T0 in combination with an increasing trend over time, this way indicating high validity. Finally, the O3T proved to be highly feasible with some possibility to improve based on a feasibility questionnaire. Conclusions: Overall, this study presents good prospects for the O3T’s measurements properties. In future, the O3T should be used by coaches in various (talent) contexts to further improve its design and to show its added value for talent activities. Furthermore, this approach could be transferred to other performance aspects and sports. Antecedentes: La evaluación de las habilidades técnicas como parte de un enfoque multidimensional para la identificación y el desarrollo de talentos en el tenis de mesa parece prometedora. La O3T se desarrolló para evaluar las habilidades técnicas de jugadores jóvenes de tenis de mesa en una situación de partido altamente representativa. En este estudio, dos entrenadores expertos (licencia de entrenador más alta, más de 25 años de experiencia profesional) utilizaron la O3T para evaluar las habilidades técnicas de 24 jugadores jóvenes holandeses de tenis de mesa (9 niñas, 15 niños; <12 años) basándose en videos. Resultados: Se analizaron los resultados de las variables “calidad técnica”, “cantidad de saques” y “cantidad de golpes” para evaluar la fiabilidad de la O3T (tanto inter- como intra-evaluador), la validez de constructo y la factibilidad. Los gráficos de Bland-Altman y los CCI mostraron una fiabilidad general suficiente con errores de medición aceptables. La variable “calidad técnica” mostró una relación moderada (r = .44) con el rendimiento general en tenis de mesa en T0 en combinación con una tendencia creciente con el tiempo, indicando así una alta validez. Finalmente, la O3T demostró ser altamente factible con alguna posibilidad de mejora basada en un cuestionario de factibilidad. Conclusiones: En general, este estudio presenta buenas perspectivas de las propiedades de medición de la O3T. En el futuro, la O3T debería ser utilizada por entrenadores en diversos contextos (de talento) para mejorar aún más su diseño y demostrar su valor añadido para las actividades de talento. Además, este enfoque podría transferirse a otros aspectos del rendimiento y a otros deportes. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2022-12-17 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/75 10.30827/Digibug.80315 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 4 No 2 (2022): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 20-31 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 4 Núm. 2 (2022): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 20-31 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/75/129 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/75/157 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/75/158 Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/76 2023-05-02T21:16:29Z ijrss:ART

Performance analysis in tennis since 2000: A systematic review focused on the methods of data collection Takahashi, Hiroo Okamura, Shuhei Murakami, Shunsuke tracking video recording data mining websites broadcasting seguimiento grabación de video minería de datos sitios web transmisión In tennis, performance analysis has advanced primarily as notational analysis. And analytical techniques markedly advanced, particularly in the fields of notational analysis and match analysis. In tennis, the Hawk-Eye system was introduced to tour tournaments in 2002. It has recently become used for player tracking and post-match analysis, there are a number of papers using Hawk-Eye data. Along with the development such measuring devices, technologies for analysis of a vast amount of data collected with these devices (big data) have also been developed. In particular, analysis by machine learning using AI was developed in the field of engineering, and it is also increasingly adopted in the field of sports. In the present review, we aimed to clarify the direction of research on performance analysis of tennis by organizing the trend of studies of performance analysis after 2000 with particular attention to the methods of data collection in the hope of furthering the development of this field. As a result of search of reports concerning performance analysis of tennis published after 2000 with particular interest in data collection methods, 90 papers were retrieved. The papers were classified into primary and secondary data collection, and subclassified into six categories, i.e., tracking, video recording, data mining, observations of coaches, websites, and broadcasting. This review of the papers in different categories may aid in developing future directions of research in the field of performance analysis in tennis. En tenis, el análisis del desempeño ha evolucionado principalmente como análisis notacional. Y las técnicas analíticas han avanzado de manera notable, especialmente en los campos del análisis notacional y de partidos. En tenis, el sistema Hawk-Eye fue incorporado a los torneos de circuito en 2002. Recientemente se ha usado para el seguimiento de jugadores y el análisis posterior al partido, y existen diversos artículos que usan datos del Hawk-Eye. Junto con el desarrollo de dichos dispositivos de medición, también se ha desarrollado tecnología para el análisis de grandes cantidades de datos recolectados con estos dispositivos (macrodatos). En particular, se desarrolló en el campo de la ingeniería el análisis con aprendizaje automático e IA, y cada vez es más usado en el ámbito deportivo. En esta revisión, el objetivo fue clarificar la dirección de la investigación sobre el análisis del rendimiento en tenis al organizar la tendencia de los estudios de análisis del rendimiento después del año 2000 con particular atención a los métodos de recolección de datos con el fin de continuar con el desarrollo de este campo. Como resultado de la búsqueda de artículos relacionados con el análisis del rendimiento en tenis publicados después del año 2000 enfocada en métodos de recolección de datos, se encontraron 90 artículos. Los documentos se clasificaron en recopilación de datos primarios y secundarios, y se subclasificaron en seis categorías, por ejemplo, seguimiento, grabación de video, minado de datos, observaciones de entrenadores, sitios web y transmisiones. Esta revisión de artículos en diferentes categorías puede ayudar en el desarrollo de otras líneas de investigación futuras en el campo del análisis del rendimiento en tenis. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2023-03-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/76 10.30827/Digibug.80900 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 4 No 2 (2022): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 40-55 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 4 Núm. 2 (2022): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 40-55 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/76/142 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/76/161 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/76/162 Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/78 2023-10-23T17:53:02Z ijrss:ART

Validation of lower limb muscle activation estimated using musculoskeletal modeling against electromyography in the table tennis topspin forehand and backhand Validación de la activación muscular de las extremidades inferiores estimada mediante modelado musculoesquelético y electromiografía en el topspin de derecha y revés del tenis de mesa Iino, Yoichi Yoshioka, Shinsuke Fukashiro, Senshi musculoskeletal modeling muscle activation electromyography validation modelado musculoesquelético activación muscular electromiografía validación This study aimed to validate the lower limb muscle activation, estimated using static optimization against electromyography (EMG), in the topspin forehand and backhand strokes. The secondary purpose was to compare the estimated activations of the major muscles/muscle groups between the forehand and backhand strokes. Eight male college table tennis players hit the cross-court topspin forehands and backhands with maximum effort. Stroke motions and ground reaction forces were measured using a motion capture system and two force plates. The EMG signals of the 16 lower-limb muscles were recorded using a wireless EMG system. The static optimization algorithm of OpenSim was applied to stroke motions to estimate lower limb muscle activation, which was compared to EMG activation. Of the seven muscles that showed maximum activation > 0.3 during the forehand, five showed a Pearson correlation coefficient > 0.3 Of the four muscles that showed maximum activation > 0.3 during the backhand, all four showed a Pearson correlation coefficient >0.3. However, some muscles, such as the bilateral gluteus medius muscles, showed a low correlation between estimated and EMG activation. A possible cause is the co-contraction of the relevant muscles. Concordance correlation coefficients were smaller than their respective Pearson correlation coefficients. This result reflects that EMG envelope (activation) is also an estimate of muscle activation and is subject to noise and confounding factors. Comparisons with additional independent measurements, such as ultrasound muscle images and instrumented joint loading, are necessary for more robust validation of the musculoskeletal modeling and muscle activation. The gluteus maximus and hamstrings on the playing side, and rectus femoris on the non-playing side exhibited higher activation during the forehand than during the backhand. The overall results suggest that the static optimization algorithm can adequately estimate lower-limb muscle activity during the topspin forehand and backhand strokes. El objetivo de este estudio fue validar la activación muscular de las extremidades inferiores estimada mediante optimización estática y electromiografía (EMG) en el topspin de derecha y revés. El objetivo secundario fue comparar las activaciones estimadas de los principales grupos musculares entre los golpes de derecha y revés. Ocho jugadores hombre universitarios de tenis de mesa realizaron con el máximo esfuerzo los golpes topspin de derecha y revés cruzados en la pista. Los movimientos de los golpes y las fuerzas de reacción del suelo fueron medidos con un sistema de captura del movimiento y dos placas de fuerza. Las señales EMG de los músculos de los 16 miembros inferiores fueron grabadas con un sistema EMG inalámbrico. Se usó el algoritmo de optimización estática OpenSim para estimar la activación muscular de los miembros inferiores durante los golpes, y luego se compararon los resultados con la activación de la EMG. De los siete músculos que mostraron activación máxima > 0,3 en el golpe de derecha, cinco mostraron un coeficiente de correlación de Pearson > 0,3. De los cuatro músculos que mostraron activación máxima > 0,3 durante el golpe de revés, los cuatro mostraron un coeficiente de correlación de Pearson > 0,3. Sin embargo, algunos músculos, como el glúteo medio, mostraron una baja correlación entre la activación estimada y la EMG. Una posible causa es la cocontracción de los músculos involucrados.  Los coeficientes de correlación de concordancia fueron menores que sus respectivos coeficientes de correlación de Pearson. Este resultado refleja que la envolvente (activación) de la EMG es también una estimación de la activación muscular y está sujeta a ruido y factores de confusión. Es necesario realizar comparaciones con otras mediciones independientes, como las imágenes musculares por ultrasonido y la carga articular con instrumentos, para lograr una validación más sólida del modelado musculoesquelético y la activación muscular. El glúteo mayor y los isquiotibiales en el lado de juego, y el recto femoral en el lado de no juego, mostraron una mayor activación durante el golpe de derecha que durante el revés. Los resultados generales sugieren que el algoritmo de optimización estática puede estimar adecuadamente la actividad muscular de las extremidades inferiores durante el topspin de derecha y revés. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2022-12-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/78 10.30827/Digibug.80316 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 4 No 2 (2022): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 1-10 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 4 Núm. 2 (2022): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 1-10 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/78/131 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/78/151 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/78/152 Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/81 2025-04-07T18:29:31Z ijrss:ART

Markov-chain Modelling and Simulative Assessment of the Impact of Selected Tactical Behaviours in Modern Tennis Modelado mediante cadenas de Markov y evaluación simulada del impacto de determinados comportamientos tácticos en el tenis moderno Rothe, Frederic Lames, Martin finite Markov chain modelling state transitions modelling tennis performance indicators theoretical performance analysis tactical behaviour modelado mediante cadenas Markov finitas modelado de transiciones de estado indicadores del rendimiento en tenis análisis teórico del rendimiento comportamiento táctico Game behaviour in net games or other sports is often captured in the form of discrete performance indicators which represent frequencies or relative frequencies of key behavioural variables. In this regard however, discrete performance indicators are often of low practical relevance as they lack information on the sequence of actions and the underlying interaction of players in a match. Thereby, establishing a connection between performance indicators and sport success also remains an open challenge. In tennis, finite Markov chain modelling based on a transition matrix has shown promise in circumventing these issues. The transition matrix allows the capture of equivalent classes of strokes as a sequence of states with the possibility of transitions between them, basically representing a rally. Furthermore, finite Markov chain modelling enables the determination of the relevance of state transitions regarding performance. Since existing state transition models may be outdated a major aim of the current study was to establish a newly designed transition matrix which is representative of the game structure of tennis. The sufficiency of the transition matrix as a descriptive tool was demonstrated using actual match data. Furthermore, the relevance of selected state transitions was determined using finite Markov chain modelling. Match data and emerging values for performance relevance were analysed with regard to the influencing factors of sex and court surface. This revealed only minor differences regarding both factors, specifically indicating a convergence of game structure in men and women. Game behaviour in net games or other sports is often captured in the form of discrete performance indicators which represent frequencies or relative frequencies of key behavioural variables. In this regard however, discrete performance indicators are often of low practical relevance as they lack information on the sequence of actions and the underlying interaction of players in a match. Thereby, establishing a connection between performance indicators and sport success also remains an open challenge. In tennis, finite Markov chain modelling based on a transition matrix has shown promise in circumventing these issues. The transition matrix allows the capture of equivalent classes of strokes as a sequence of states with the possibility of transitions between them, basically representing a rally. Furthermore, finite Markov chain modelling enables the determination of the relevance of state transitions regarding performance. Since existing state transition models may be outdated a major aim of the current study was to establish a newly designed transition matrix which is representative of the game structure of tennis. The sufficiency of the transition matrix as a descriptive tool was demonstrated using actual match data. Furthermore, the relevance of selected state transitions was determined using finite Markov chain modelling. Match data and emerging values for performance relevance were analysed with regard to the influencing factors of sex and court surface. This revealed only minor differences regarding both factors, specifically indicating a convergence of game structure in men and women. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2023-08-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/81 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 5 No 1 (2023): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 1-13 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 5 Núm. 1 (2023): Enero - Junio | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 1-13 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/81/163 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/81/176 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/81/169 Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/83 2023-10-23T17:47:34Z ijrss:ART

Validation of wearables for technical analysis of tennis players Validación de sensores inerciales para el análisis técnico de tenistas Delgado-García, Gabriel Siquier Coll, Jesús Castro Infantes, Santiago Ruiz Malagón , Emilio J. Benito Colio, Berta González Fernández, Francisco Tomás Tennis performance validation racket sports photogrammetry Zepp Qlipp Tenis rendimiento validación deportes de raqueta fotogrametría Zepp Qlipp The aim of the study was to analyze the validity of three well-known commercial sensors (Zepp1, Zepp2 and Qlipp) by comparing the speed data they provide with a speed radar and a 3D photogrammetric system. Thirteen tennis players of different levels were part of the present study: In the first experiment, performed in the tennis field, 4 players executed a total of 77 strokes (serves and groundstrokes), in the groundstrokes using a ball throwing machine to standardize throws at a speed of 70 km/h and with the minimum spin effect allowed by the machine. The ball speed measured with the Zepp1 sensor and with the Qlipp sensor was compared with the speed recorded by a radar (Stalker Pro II, USA) and with a photogrammetric system composed by 4 USB cameras (ELP, China) recording at 100 Hz. The ball and the end of the racket frame were digitized on the video using the freeware Kinovea and their real 3D coordinates were obtained by applying the DLT algorithm, using the Kinemat tool in the mathematical analysis software GNU Octave. The velocity was calculated by deriving the 3D coordinates using a fifth degree spline. In the second experiment, performed inside the laboratory, 9 players executed 20 forehand and backhands each one (n = 360 groundstrokes). Ball speed was computed with the Zepp2 device and with an highly accurate photogrammetric device (Qualisys), considered as the reference. The data of the present work indicate that the hitting kinematics of each player and the speed of the stroke affects the accuracy of the sensor, so further studies are required to evaluate the error in players of different levels and playing styles. The Zepp1 and Zepp2 inertial sensors evaluated in this work seem adequate to measure ball speed in intra-subject studies and the Lin CCC values in the first study and the adjusted values in the second study were almost all greater than 0.75. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la validez de tres sensores comerciales conocidos (Zepp1, Zepp2 y Qlipp) comparando los datos de velocidad que proporcionan con los de un radar de velocidad y con los de un sistema fotogramétrico 3D. Trece tenistas de diferentes niveles formaron parte del presente estudio. En el primer experimento, realizado en una pista de tenis, 4 tenistas realizaron un total de 77 golpeos (saques y golpeos de fondo), en el caso de los golpeos de fondo se usó una máquina lanza-pelotas para estandarizar los lanzamientos a una velocidad de 70 km/h y con el mínimo efecto liftado permitido por la máquina. La velocidad de la pelota medida con el sensor Zepp1 y con el sensor Qlipp se comparó con la velocidad registrada por un radar (Stalker Pro II, USA) y con un sistema fotogramétrico compuesto por 4 cámaras USB (ELP, China) grabando a 100 Hz. La pelota y el extremo de la raqueta fueron digitalizados utilizando el freeware de análisis de vídeo Kinovea y se obtuvieron sus coordenadas 3D reales aplicando el algoritmo DLT, usando la herramienta Kinemat en el software de análisis matemático GNU Octave. La velocidad fue calculada derivando las coordenadas 3D mediante un spline de quinto grado. En el segundo experimento, realizado en el laboratorio, 9 jugadores de tenis ejecutaron 20 derechas y 20 reveses cada uno (n = 360 golpeos) y la velocidad de la pelota se midió con el Zepp2 y con un sistema fotogramétrrico de alta precisión (Qualisys), considerado como la referencia. Los datos del presente trabajo indican que la cinemática de golpeo y la velocidad de golpeo de cada jugador afectan la precisión del sensor, por lo que consideramos que se requieren más estudios para evaluar el error en jugadores de diferentes niveles y estilos de juego. Los sensores Zepp1 y Zepp2 evaluados en este trabajo parecen adecuados para medir la velocidad de pelota en estudios intra-sujeto y los valores Lin CCC en el primer estudio y los valores ajustados en el segundo estudio fueron casi todos mayores de 0.75. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2023-03-22 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/83 10.30827/Digibug.80901 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 4 No 2 (2022): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 56-60 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 4 Núm. 2 (2022): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 56-60 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/83/143 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/83/150 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/83/149 Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/84 2025-04-07T18:29:31Z ijrss:ART

Factors that contribute to winning medals in international soft tennis events Factores que contribuyen a la obtención de medallas en eventos internacionales de tenis suave Kusubori, Seiji Tanaka, Toshimitsu soft tennis international event medal winning decision tree tenis suave evento internacional obtención de medallas árbol de decisión Soft tennis has four major international events, and to date, 29 official international events have been held. During this period, 576 medals have been awarded. In this study, a two-stage analysis was conducted to explore the factors that contribute to the awarding of medals. Due to the highly skewed distribution of medals, decision tree induction was employed. First, five potential variables were examined for the 10 countries that have experienced medal awards. The results showed that the "Host" effect is not a factor for winning medals, but just a norm of international soft tennis events due to the data bias caused by the extreme concentration of host countries among top four. On the other hand, we found that participation in at least 16 international events is necessary to win a medal. An interesting result for Chinese Taipei (CTP) was found that whether the court surface type is “Hard” or not was a contributing factor for winning more medals. In the second step, we examined the distribution of gold medals for the top four countries which have experienced gold medal awards. The results showed that South Korea (KOR) has won more gold medals on clay courts, and CTP on hard courts than the other courts, respectively. This study determines the effect of court surfaces on winning medals at a national level. It was also found that KOR has won more gold medals at the World Championships and Asian Games than at the other international events. Japan, on the other hand, has won more gold medals at the Asian Championships. El tenis suave tiene cuatro eventos internacionales principales, y hasta la fecha, se han celebrado 29 eventos internacionales oficiales. Durante este periodo, se han concedido 576 medallas. En este estudio se realizó un análisis en dos etapas para explorar los factores que contribuyen a la consecución de medallas. Debido a la distribución altamente sesgada de las medallas, se empleó la inducción de árboles de decisión. En primer lugar, se examinaron cinco variables potenciales para los 10 países que han obtenido medallas. Los resultados mostraron que el efecto "Anfitrión" no es un factor para ganar medallas, sino solo una norma de los eventos internacionales de tenis suave debido al sesgo de los datos causado por la extrema concentración de países anfitriones entre los cuatro primeros. Por otra parte, se constató que es necesario participar 16 veces en eventos internacionales para ganar una medalla. Un resultado interesante para China Taipéi (CTP) fue que el tipo de superficie de la cancha, "dura" o no, era un factor que contribuía a ganar más medallas. En el segundo paso, se examinó la distribución de medallas de oro de los cuatro países que más medallas de oro han ganado. Los resultados mostraron que Corea del Sur (KOR) ha ganado más medallas de oro en canchas de arcilla, y CTP en canchas duras que el resto de canchas, respectivamente. Este estudio determina el efecto de la superficie de las canchas en la obtención de medallas a nivel nacional. También se descubrió que KOR ha ganado más medallas de oro en los Campeonatos Mundiales y en los Juegos Asiáticos que en otros eventos internacionales. Japón, por su parte, ha ganado más medallas de oro en los Campeonatos Asiáticos. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2023-10-23 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/84 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 5 No 1 (2023): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 23-33 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 5 Núm. 1 (2023): Enero - Junio | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 23-33 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/84/165 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/84/178 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/84/172 Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/85 2023-04-01T05:35:54Z ijrss:ED

Editorial Editorial Torres, Gema Editorial Editorial Editorial International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2022-10-12 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/85 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 4 No 1 (2022): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 1 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 4 Núm. 1 (2022): Enero - Junio | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 1 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/85/111 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/85/120 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/85/122 Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/94 2025-04-07T18:29:31Z ijrss:ART

European singles and doubles badminton matches analysis with specific focus on pair doubles Análisis de partidos europeos de bádminton individuales y dobles con especial atención a los dobles por parejas Le Mansec, Yann Boiveau, Martin Doron, Julie Jubeau, Marc physical demand smash racket sports jump effort demanda física remate deportes de raqueta salto esfuerzo The main aims of the present study were i) to examine the different demands (temporal and muscular data) between different types of events in badminton (part 1) and ii) to compare the real activity (areas distribution and strokes distribution) between the two players who composed the pair during the three types of doubles that occur in badminton (part 2). Seven matches were analyzed for both men’s and women’s singles and for men’s, women’s and mixed doubles during the 2016 European Championships. In Part 1, both timing structure (match duration, number of points, rally duration, rest time, effective playing time and shot frequency) and specific movements (jumps and lunges) were compared between the five types of events. In Part 2, after dividing the court into four zones, we compared the activity of the two players within the same pair in each of these zones. The distribution of technical variables and specific movements was also analysed. For Part 1, male and mixed doubles showed the shortest rally duration (~-45%), the longest rest between two rallies (~+18%), as well as the highest shot frequency (~+24%) when compared to male and female singles and female doubles. Male and female singles showed the highest number of jumps (+40% when compared to doubles) and lunges (+250% when compared to doubles). Male and female singles showed the highest number of jumps (+40% when compared to doubles) and lunges (+250% when compared to doubles). For Part 2, we observed that spatial and notational distribution between players of the pair is largely dependent on the type of double considered. This study demonstrated that the constraints of a badminton game are specific and related to the type of event played (males or females and/or singles or doubles). Los principales objetivos del presente estudio fueron i) examinar las diferentes demandas (datos temporales y musculares) entre los distintos tipos de eventos en bádminton (Parte 1) y ii) comparar la actividad real (distribución de áreas y distribución de golpes) entre los dos jugadores que componían la pareja durante los tres tipos de dobles que se dan en bádminton (Parte 2). Se analizaron siete partidos de individuales masculinos y femeninos y de dobles masculinos, femeninos y mixtos durante los Campeonatos Europeos de 2016. En la Parte 1, se compararon la estructura temporal (duración del partido, número de puntos, duración del peloteo, tiempo de descanso, tiempo efectivo de juego y frecuencia de golpeo) y los movimientos específicos (saltos y estocadas) entre los cinco tipos de eventos. En la Parte 2, tras dividir la cancha en cuatro zonas, se comparó la actividad de los dos jugadores de una misma pareja en cada una de estas zonas. También se analizó la distribución de las variables técnicas y los movimientos específicos. En la Parte 1, los dobles masculinos y mixtos mostraron la menor duración de peloteo (~-45 %), el mayor descanso entre dos peloteos (~+18 %), y la mayor frecuencia de golpes (~+24 %) en comparación con los individuales masculinos y femeninos y los dobles femeninos. Los individuales masculinos y femeninos mostraron el mayor número de saltos (+40 % en comparación con los dobles) y estocadas (+250 % en comparación con los dobles). En la Parte 2, observamos que la distribución espacial y notacional entre los jugadores de la pareja depende en gran medida del tipo de dobles considerado. Este estudio demostró que las limitaciones de un partido de bádminton son específicas y están relacionadas con el tipo de prueba disputada (masculino, femenino, individuales, dobles). International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2023-10-23 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/94 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 5 No 1 (2023): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 14-22 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 5 Núm. 1 (2023): Enero - Junio | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 14-22 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/94/164 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/94/177 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/94/171 Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/99 2025-04-07T18:29:31Z ijrss:ART

Detection of similarities and differences within the same shot movement using artificial intelligence-based performance analysis: An example of a tennis service Detección de similitudes y diferencias dentro de un mismo movimiento de golpeo mediante un análisis del rendimiento basado en inteligencia artificial: ejemplo del servicio en tenis Jindo, Takashi Satonaka, Yusuke Wakamoto, Ryosuke Iida, Michitaka Suzuki, Hikari Shiraishi, Hirotaka Mitsuhashi, Daisuke Performance analysis motion analysis artificial intelligence (AI) tennis service Análisis del rendimiento análisis del movimiento inteligencia artificial (IA) tenis servicio Artificial intelligence (AI) -based performance analysis has the potential to support feedback in coaching; however, a useful method has not yet been proposed. This study aims to develop an AI-based performance analysis to support tennis coaching. Specifically, we investigate the accuracy of detecting similarities and differences within the same shot movement. The participants were two tennis players with more than ten years of tennis experience. This study targeted service in tennis and videos of the 1st and 2nd service from both sides were recorded using a smartphone located on the fence behind the participant. The analysis code was executed in Python, and the main part involved the use of BlazePose, which estimates the X-, Y-, and Z-coordinates of a human pose. Video clips of 2 s were cut, with a 1 s overlap between each clip, and one of the clips was manually chosen as the standard clip. The clips were compared with the comparison clips, and the difference scores for the total and each body part were automatically calculated. As a result, a certain accuracy (≥ 70%) was confirmed for detecting overlapping phases between clips. Moreover, manually evaluated body parts that showed different movements by a certified coach corresponded to the top three different parts in the AI-based analysis for 8 of the 12 conditions. Performance analysis provides feedback in tennis coaching. El análisis del rendimiento basado en inteligencia artificial (IA) tiene el potencial de apoyar la retroalimentación en el entrenamiento. Sin embargo, aún no se ha propuesto un método útil. El objetivo de este estudio es desarrollar un análisis del rendimiento basado en IA para apoyar el entrenamiento de tenis. En concreto, se investiga la precisión en la detección de similitudes y diferencias dentro de un mismo movimiento de golpeo. Los participantes fueron dos tenistas con más de diez años de experiencia en tenis a nivel regional. Este estudio se centró en el servicio en tenis y se grabaron videos de los dos primeros servicios desde ambos lados de la cancha (número de servicios: 40 intentos) con un teléfono inteligente situado en la valla detrás del participante. El código de análisis se ejecutó en Python, y la parte principal involucró el uso de BlazePose, que estima las coordenadas X, Y y Z de una posición humana. Se cortaron videos de 2 s, con un solapamiento de 1 s entre cada video, y se eligió manualmente uno de ellos como el video estándar. Los videos se compararon con los de comparación y se calcularon automáticamente las puntuaciones de diferencia para el total y para cada parte del cuerpo. Se realizó un análisis basado en IA que consideraba 12 condiciones y  combinaba los dos primeros servicios desde ambos lados y de los diferentes jugadores. Como resultado, se confirmó cierta precisión (≥ 70%) en la detección de fases solapadas entre videos. Además, las partes del cuerpo evaluadas manualmente que mostraban movimientos diferentes por un entrenador certificado correspondían con las tres primeras partes diferentes del análisis basado en IA para 8 de las 12 condiciones. El análisis de rendimiento basado en IA propuesto puede extraer eficazmente fases similares o solapadas y sugerir partes del cuerpo que muestran movimientos diferentes. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2023-12-11 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/99 10.30827/Digibug.97955 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 5 No 1 (2023): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 34-46 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 5 Núm. 1 (2023): Enero - Junio | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 34-46 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/99/166 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/99/179 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/99/173 Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/100 2025-04-07T18:29:23Z ijrss:ART

The confounding effects of serve speed and ball placement on success of male and female tennis players at The Championships, Wimbledon Wong, Rosabel Shimada, Homare Grand Slam Handedness Racket Direction The direction and speed of the serve are two crucial factors when determining the outcome of a serve and subsequently the point. Gaining maximum advantage from the serve is a priority for tennis players, particularly when competing at The Championships, Wimbledon due to the nature of the grass court surface.  Analysis of data from 2004 to 2019 was used to investigate the combined effect of serve speed and direction because these factors are beneficial for players and their teams.    The server in male singles will more likely win the point regardless of other serve characteristics but serve placement into the centre and wide areas increase the probability of winning the point.  In female singles, the likelihood of the server winning the point was lower for some serve combinations, largely due to serve placement and service number.  The relationship between serve placement and serve speed suggested that certain speeds were favoured for both male and female matches for all directions of the serve, with two distinct peaks and serves around 190 km.h^-1 being disfavoured. No significant relationships between factors such as court side, sex, handedness of the server and receiver and serve speed could be found.  International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2023-12-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/100 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 5 No 2 (2023): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 23-31 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 5 Núm. 2 (2023): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 23-31 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/100/186 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/100/205 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/100/279 Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/101 2025-04-07T18:29:23Z ijrss:ART

Tennis and scoliosis: an approach without prejudice Tenis y escoliosis: un abordaje sin prejuicios Lisi, Rodolfo Cigni, Simone tennis spine scoliosis evidence-based medicine tenis columna vertebral escoliosis medicina basada en la evidencia This contribution intends to offer a concise and exhaustive overview of the scientific production on the topic, as well as to provide researchers with theoretical reflections, scientific hypotheses and what can be deduced from the personal baggage of experience in the field, albeit limited. All permeated by the hope that future epidemiological investigations will be conducted, compared to the past, with greater methodological rigor and with a more coherent and incisive modus operandi. It is unfortunately undeniable that until today the medical sciences have not been able or able to deal with the topic except in a fragmentary manner and with sometimes questionable criteria. The consequences? Few valid studies and too many hasty judgments. Judgments that have not infrequently been affected by a certain habit of our time: a sterile prevalence of discussions and abstractions of a physiopathological type, without the necessary attention to "evidence-based medicine" (Lisi, 2018). Esta contribución pretende ofrecer un panorama conciso y exhaustivo de la producción científica sobre el tema, así como brindar a los investigadores reflexiones teóricas, hipótesis científicas y lo que se puede deducir del bagaje personal de experiencia en el campo, aunque limitado. Todo ello impregnado de la esperanza de que las futuras investigaciones epidemiológicas se realicen, en comparación con las pasadas, con mayor rigor metodológico y con un modus operandi más coherente e incisivo. Lamentablemente es innegable que hasta el día de hoy las ciencias médicas no han podido ni han podido tratar el tema sino de manera fragmentaria y con criterios a veces discutibles. ¿Las consecuencias? Pocos estudios válidos y demasiados juicios precipitados. Juicios que no pocas veces se han visto afectados por cierta costumbre de nuestro tiempo: un estéril predominio de discusiones y abstracciones de tipo fisiopatológico, sin la necesaria atención a la “medicina basada en la evidencia” (Lisi, 2018). International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2023-12-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/101 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 5 No 2 (2023): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 9-14 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 5 Núm. 2 (2023): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 9-14 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/101/183 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/101/203 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/101/277 Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/106 2025-04-07T18:29:23Z ijrss:ART

Mechanical load differences between practice and match play in badminton Diferencias en la carga mecánica entre la práctica y el partido de bádminton Smith, Steve Jessop, David Grimes, Phill Baczala, Oliver visual search behaviour elite coaching representative learning design comportamiento de búsqueda visual élite entrenamiento diseño de aprendizaje representativo Badminton is a demanding high-intensity intermittent sport, which has a high injury rate compared to other racket sports. The racket leg and lower back are particularly susceptible to injury due to the high mechanical loads experienced from repetitive jumping actions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanical load differences on landing between predictable practice activities and competitive match play. Nineteen national and international standard badminton players participated in this study. Participants randomly undertook a match play and multifeed trial with Vicon Blue Trident IMU sensors collecting mechanical load data from the shank of the racket leg and the lower back. All trials were digitally recorded and movements to the four corners (forecourt forehand, forecourt backhand, rear court forehand and rear court around the head) were tagged using Dartfish version 10 video analysis software. Results showed the peak mechanical load in the shank of the racket leg and lower back for forecourt and rear court movements to be significantly higher in match play trials compared to multifeed. Match play trials also presented with a greater variation in peak mechanical load. Findings suggest the mechanical load experienced in competitive match play is not simulated by predictable practice activity. Due to the high prevalence of lower back and lower extremity injuries in badminton, findings support the need for badminton practice to contain unpredictable feeding activities to prepare the body for the high mechanical loads of match play. Unpredictable feeding strategies are suggested for coaches. El bádminton es un deporte exigente de alta intensidad intermitente, que presenta una elevada tasa de lesiones en comparación con otros deportes de raqueta. La pierna de la raqueta y la zona lumbar son especialmente susceptibles a sufrir lesiones debido a las elevadas cargas mecánicas experimentadas por las acciones de salto repetitivas. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar las diferencias en la carga mecánica en el aterrizaje entre las actividades de práctica predecibles y el partido competitivo. Diecinueve jugadores de bádminton de nivel nacional e internacional participaron en este estudio. Los participantes jugaron aleatoriamente un partido y realizaron una prueba multivolante con sensores Vicon Blue Trident IMU que recogían datos de la carga mecánica en la espinilla de la pierna de la raqueta y en la parte inferior de la espalda. Todas las pruebas se grabaron digitalmente y los movimientos a las cuatro esquinas (derecha en la cancha frontal, revés en la cancha frontal, derecha en la cancha trasera y alrededor de la cabeza en la cancha trasera) se etiquetaron utilizando el software de análisis de video Dartfish versión 10. Los resultados mostraron que el pico de carga mecánica en la espinilla de la pierna de la raqueta y en la parte inferior de la espalda para los movimientos de cancha frontal y trasera era significativamente mayor en las pruebas de partido que en las de multivolante. Las pruebas de partido también presentaron una mayor variación en la carga mecánica máxima. Los resultados sugieren que la carga mecánica que se experimenta en los partidos de competición no se simula con una actividad de entrenamiento predecible. Debido a la alta prevalencia de lesiones en la parte inferior de la espalda y las extremidades inferiores en el bádminton, los resultados apoyan la necesidad de que la práctica del bádminton contenga actividades con golpes impredecibles para preparar el cuerpo para las altas cargas mecánicas del partido. Se sugieren estrategias de golpes impredecibles para los entrenadores.  International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2023-12-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/106 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 5 No 2 (2023): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 1-8 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 5 Núm. 2 (2023): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 1-8 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/106/184 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/106/202 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/106/276 Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/108 2025-04-07T18:29:23Z ijrss:ART

Overuse Injuries and Epicondylalgia in Recreational Pickleball Players Lesiones por sobreuso y epicondilalgia en jugadores de nivel recreativo de pickleball Myers, Betsy Hanks, June pickleball racket sports overuse injury chronic injury epicondylalgia pickleball deportes de raqueta lesión por sobreuso lesión crónica epicondilalgia Little is known regarding pickleball-related overuse injuries. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of overuse injuries in recreational pickleball players. Given the high frequency of elbow overuse injuries in other racket sports, this study also sought to determine the relationship between epicondylalgia in pickleball players, player characteristics, and various playing variables. A web-based survey was distributed to a convenience sample of recreational pickleball players. Of the 128 participants (70 females, 58 males) who completed the survey, 28% reported at least one overuse injury. Most did not seek medical interventions and reported no time lost from play. Overuse injuries were significantly associated with higher playing volume, lower level of play, and playing in pickleball tournaments. Epicondylalgia was the most common overuse pickleball-related injury amongst recreational pickleball players. Females and those who participated in pickleball tournaments were more likely to report a history of lateral epicondylalgia. Medial epicondylalgia was not significantly associated with any variable. Overuse injuries amongst pickleball players are common, yet most did not seek medical attention. Epicondylalgia was the most common overuse injury. Epicondylalgia was not a time loss overuse injury, yet the effect on pickleball player’s playing abilities unknown. Education on common overuse injuries, the impact of playing volume, and the importance of proper technique may maximize symptom-free pickleball participation. Poco se sabe acerca de las lesiones por sobreuso relacionadas con el pickleball. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de las lesiones por sobreuso en jugadores de pickleball de nivel recreativo. Dada la alta frecuencia de lesiones por sobreuso del codo en otros deportes de raqueta, este estudio también trató de determinar la relación entre la epicondilalgia en los jugadores de pickleball, las características del jugador y diversas variables de juego. Se distribuyó una encuesta en línea a una muestra de conveniencia de jugadores de nivel recreativo de pickleball. De los 128 participantes (70 mujeres, 58 hombres) que completaron la encuesta, el 28 % reportó al menos una lesión por sobreuso. La mayoría no buscó atención médica y no informó de ninguna pérdida de tiempo de juego. Las lesiones por sobreuso fueron asociadas significativamente con un mayor volumen de juego, un menor nivel de juego y la participación en torneos de pickleball. La epicondilalgia fue la lesión por sobreuso más común entre los jugadores de nivel recreativo de pickleball. Las mujeres y los participantes en torneos de pickleball eran más propensos a declarar antecedentes de epicondilalgia lateral. La epicondilalgia medial no se asoció significativamente con ninguna variable. Las lesiones por sobreuso entre los jugadores de pickleball son comunes, aunque la mayoría no buscó atención médica. Aunque la epicondilalgia no fue una lesión por sobreuso con pérdida de tiempo, se desconoce el efecto sobre las habilidades de juego de los jugadores de pickleball. La educación en lesiones comunes por sobreuso, el impacto del volumen de juego y la importancia de una buena técnica pueden maximizar la participación en pickleball sin síntomas. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2023-12-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/108 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 5 No 2 (2023): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 32-40 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 5 Núm. 2 (2023): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 32-40 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/108/187 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/108/206 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/108/280 Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/109 2025-04-07T18:29:31Z ijrss:ART

Hearing the roar: Spectator noise and umpires stress in major badminton tournaments Escuchar el clamor: el ruido de los espectadores y el estrés en los árbitros de torneos importantes de bádminton Sjödin, Fredrik Felder, Hanno Holmström, Stefan Fahlström, Martin spectator noise stress umpires badminton ruido de los espectadores estrés árbitro bádminton This study investigates the effects of spectator noise on umpire stress levels during major badminton tournaments. Previous research has shown that spectator noise can affect performance and decision-making in sports, including badminton. However, there is limited understanding of how this phenomenon explicitly affects umpires, who play a crucial role in officiating matches. Nine experienced umpires from the 24th Badminton World Federation (BWF) World Championships participated in the study. Heart rate variability (HRV) was used to measure stress levels objectively. In addition, subjective noise sensitivity and general stress levels were assessed using validated questionnaires. Noise levels were recorded on court using stationary sound level meters, and individual noise exposure was measured using personal carried noise dosimeters. The results showed a statistically significant correlation between spectator noise level and stress, mainly when umpires were working as service judge. Umpires with a higher subjective sensitivity to noise and higher general stress levels showed a stronger correlation between noise levels and stress during matches. The findings suggest that spectator noise may be a factor to consider in efforts to support umpire performance and well-being in stressful environments. Further research is needed to investigate the potential impact of this association on decision-making processes. Este estudio investiga los efectos del ruido de los espectadores en los niveles de estrés de los árbitros durante los torneos más importantes de bádminton. Investigaciones anteriores han demostrado que el ruido de los espectadores puede afectar el rendimiento y la toma de decisiones en los deportes, incluido el bádminton. Sin embargo, no se sabe muy bien cómo afecta explícitamente este fenómeno a los árbitros, quienes desempeñan un papel crucial en el arbitraje de los partidos. En el estudio participaron nueve árbitros con amplia experiencia que estuvieron en el 24.o Campeonato Mundial Bádminton organizado por la Federación Mundial de Bádminton (BWF). Se utilizó la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca (VFC) para medir objetivamente los niveles de estrés. Además, se evaluaron la sensibilidad subjetiva al ruido y los niveles generales de estrés mediante cuestionarios validados. Los niveles de ruido se registraron en el campo mediante sonómetros fijos y la exposición individual al ruido se midió con dosímetros de ruido personales. Los resultados mostraron una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre el nivel de ruido de los espectadores y el estrés, principalmente cuando los árbitros trabajaban como jueces de servicio. Los árbitros con una mayor sensibilidad subjetiva al ruido y mayores niveles generales de estrés mostraron una mayor correlación entre los niveles de ruido y el estrés durante los partidos. Los resultados sugieren que el ruido de los espectadores puede ser un factor a tener en cuenta en las iniciativas para apoyar el rendimiento y el bienestar de los árbitros en entornos estresantes. Es necesario seguir investigando el impacto potencial de esta asociación en los procesos de toma de decisiones. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2024-04-13 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/109 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 5 No 1 (2023): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 57-64 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 5 Núm. 1 (2023): Enero - Junio | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 57-64 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/109/168 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/109/181 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/109/175 Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/110 2025-04-07T18:29:23Z ijrss:ART

Inter-and intra-individual differences in landing impacts during badminton match-play versus a feeding drill Diferencias interindividuales e intraindividuales en los impactos al aterrizar durante un partido de bádminton frente a un ejercicio de alimentación Jessop, David Smith, Steve Grimes, Phill racket sport accelerometer training versus match-play winners versus losers deporte de raqueta acelerómetro entrenamiento versus partido ganadores versus perdedores It is not understood the extent to which individuals experience impacts in badminton, and how this might relate to performance and injury risk. Little data are available on landing during match-play due to the limitations on collecting such data. This study aimed to capture acceleration data for badminton athletes in order to quantify individual differences. 19 athletes performed MF (multi-feed) drills and were paired to play matches. Each wore an accelerometer on their right lower tibia. Players were seen to have different patterns in the distribution of their impacts and hence “lighter” and “heavier” landers were identified. Typically, these were similar players across shot types, but not always (r2 = 0.7326 and P < 0.001). Those who won their matches encountered higher accelerations in all trial and shot types (though not all P. values were significant). Whilst both winners and losers encountered higher accelerations in match play (P < 0.001), the percentage increase was lower for winners (30%) than losers (42%). Results show that badminton players experience landings on an individual level. Better players experience higher g impacts more often, particularly in the training drill observed, which might indicate better efficiency of movement around the court or greater effort in training. No se conoce hasta qué punto los individuos experimentan impactos en bádminton y cómo esto podría relacionarse con el rendimiento y el riesgo de lesión. Hay poca información disponible sobre el aterrizaje durante un partido debido a las limitaciones que hay para recolectar los datos. El objetivo de este estudio fue capturar los datos de aceleración en atletas de bádminton con el fin de cuantificar las diferencias individuales. 19 atletas realizaron ejercicios de alimentación múltiple y fueron emparejados para jugar partidos. Cada uno usó un acelerómetro en la parte inferior de tibia derecha. Los jugadores tuvieron diversos patrones en la distribución de los impactos y, por tanto, se identificaron jugadores que aterrizaban más ligeramente y más fuertemente. Por lo general, los jugadores eran similares en todos los tipos de golpes, pero no siempre (r2 = 0.7326 y P < 0.001). Aquellos que ganaron los partidos tuvieron mayores aceleraciones en todos los tipos de ejercicios de práctica y golpes (aunque no todos los valores P. fueron significativos). Aunque tanto los ganadores como los perdedores tuvieron mayores aceleraciones en el partido (P < 0.001), el aumento en el porcentaje fue menor para los ganadores (30%) que para los perdedores (42%). Los resultados demuestran que los jugadores de bádminton experimentan aterrizajes a un nivel individual. Los mejores jugadores experimentan mayores impactos g más a menudo, particularmente en el ejercicio de práctica observado, lo cual puede indicar una mejor eficiencia en el movimiento alrededor de la cancha o mayor esfuerzo durante el entrenamiento. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2023-12-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/110 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 5 No 2 (2023): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 15-22 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 5 Núm. 2 (2023): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 15-22 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/110/185 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/110/204 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/110/278 Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/111 2025-04-07T18:29:31Z ijrss:ART

Comparing smash performance and technique between elite male and female international badminton players Towler, Harley King, Mark racket overhead gender kinematic raqueta golpeo de mano alta género cinemática Performance of the badminton smash plays a crucial role in success during competition. Differences in performance and technique between genders is of interest to players/coaches with respect to appropriate training intensity and understanding performance expectations during competition. Three-dimensional position data were collected for 26 male and 26 female elite international badminton players (world ranking: male = 59 ± 36, female = 54 ± 24) performing the smash. Male players compared to female players performed smashes with greater shuttlecock speed (98.7 vs 78.5 m×s-1; p < 0.001), racket head speed (63.3 vs. 51.0; p < 0.001), and shuttlecock angle below the horizontal (13.3° vs. 7.3°; p < 0.001) with the latter likely due to higher contact heights (2.90 vs 2.46 m; p < 0.001) and jump heights (53.6 vs 14.5 cm; p < 0.001).  Female players typically used a ‘kick-through’ rather than a ‘two-footed jump’ movement. The majority of differences in technique, assessed via statistical parametric mapping, occurred during the backswing phase, where male players adopted a more flexed, less laterally flexed (to non-racket-arm side) and counter-rotated trunk positions. Male players held their racket arm further back during the backswing (negative shoulder plane of elevation angle), and the elbow joint was held in a more extended position at the start of the backswing and in a more flexed position just prior to contact. No differences were found at the wrist joint. This study provides normative performance and technique data for elite male and female international players, highlighting current differences between genders which may inform training and competition preparation. El rendimiento en el remate de bádminton desempeña un papel crucial en el éxito durante la competencia. Las diferencias en el rendimiento y la técnica entre sexos son de interés para los jugadores y los entrenadores con respecto a la intensidad de entrenamiento adecuada y a la comprensión de las expectativas de rendimiento durante la competencia. Se recogieron datos de la posición tridimensional de 26 jugadores y 26 jugadoras internacionales de élite de bádminton (clasificación mundial: hombres = 59 ± 36, mujeres = 54 ± 24) al realizar el remate. Los hombres realizaron los remates con mayor velocidad del volante (98,7 vs 78,5 m×s-1; p < 0.001), mayor velocidad de la cabeza de la raqueta (63,3 vs 51,0; p < 0,001) y mayor ángulo del volante por debajo de la horizontal (13,3º vs 7,3º; p < 0,001), este último probablemente debido a una mayor altura de contacto (2,90 vs 2,46 m; p < 0,001) y de salto (53,6 vs 14,5 cm; p < 0,001). Las mujeres solían saltar haciendo un movimiento de tijera en lugar de un movimiento con los dos pies. La mayoría de las diferencias en la técnica, evaluadas a través del mapeo paramétrico estadístico, se dieron durante la fase de backswing, en la que los hombres adoptaron una posición del tronco más flexionada, menos flexionada lateralmente (hacia el lado contrario al brazo de la raqueta) y contrarrotada. Los hombres mantuvieron el brazo de la raqueta más atrás durante el backswing (plano negativo del hombro del ángulo de elevación), y la articulación del codo se mantuvo en una posición más extendida al inicio del backswing y en una posición más flexionada justo antes del contacto. No se encontraron diferencias en la articulación de la muñeca. Este estudio proporciona datos normativos sobre el rendimiento y la técnica de jugadores hombres y mujeres internacionales de élite, y destaca las diferencias actuales entre los sexos que pueden servir de base para el entrenamiento y la preparación para la competencia. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2024-04-13 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/111 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 5 No 1 (2023): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 47-56 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 5 Núm. 1 (2023): Enero - Junio | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 47-56 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/111/167 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/111/180 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/111/174 Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/114 2025-05-13T13:32:54Z ijrss:ART

Shoulder pain in badminton players and wrestlers Dolor de hombro en jugadores de bádminton y luchadores Sundström, Anders Tärnklev, Conny Fahlström, Martin badminton wrestling shoulder pain sports Constant score bádminton lucha hombro dolor deportes puntaje de Constant The purpose of the study was to study painful conditions in the shoulders among badminton players, to describe them and compare with wrestlers.  Testing was conducted on 63 badminton players and 56 wrestlers with Constant Score and a shoulder injury questionnaire. Previous or on-going shoulder pain was reported by 29 (46%) of the badminton players - 24 (48%) male and 5 (38%) female and by 30 (54%) of the wrestlers - 20 (63%) male and 10 (42%) female. Three badminton players (5%) had on-going shoulder pain, while eighteen of the wrestlers (32%) had on-going shoulder pain (p=<0.001, φ=-0.36). More male than female wrestlers had on-going shoulder pain [14 (44%) vs. 4 (17%), (p=0.032, φ=0.29)]. In badminton players the shoulder pain was located to subacromial structures in the dominant shoulder, while the distribution of shoulder pain in wrestlers was widespread and included both dominant and non-dominant side on various locations. Male wrestlers with on-going shoulder pain had a higher BMI compared to male wrestlers without on-going shoulder pain [25.2±2.6, 25 kg/m² vs. 23±2.3, 23 kg/m² (p=0.011, r=0.44)], while female wrestlers with ongoing pain had a lower BMI compared to pain-free female wrestlers [19.4±2, 18.9 kg/m² vs. 21.7±2.1, 22.2 kg/m² (p=0.045, r=0.41)]. The badminton players in this study had a lower prevalence of on-going shoulder pain compared to in previous studies on badminton players. Wrestlers with on-going shoulder pain had lower scores for shoulder mobility in several directions compared to pain-free wrestlers. On-going shoulder pain is likely to affect sports performance and might lead to development of other injuries. El propósito del estudio era analizar las condiciones dolorosas en los hombros entre jugadores de bádminton para describirlas y compararlas con las de los luchadores. Se realizaron pruebas en 63 jugadores de bádminton y 56 luchadores y un cuestionario sobre lesiones de hombro y el puntaje de Constant. Un total de 29 (46 %) jugadores de bádminton, que corresponden a 24 (48 %) hombres y 5 (38 %) mujeres, y 30 (54 %) luchadores, que corresponden a 20 (63 %) hombres y 10 (42 %) mujeres, manifestaron dolor de hombro en el pasado o actualmente. Tres jugadores de bádminton (5 %) tenían dolor de hombro en el momento, mientras que 18 luchadores (32 %) tenían dolor de hombro en el momento (p=<0,001, φ=-0,36). Había más luchadores que luchadoras con dolor de hombro en el momento; 14 (44 %) vs. 4 (17 %), (p=0,032, φ=0,29). En los jugadores de bádminton el dolor de hombro se localizaba en las estructuras subacromiales del hombro dominante, mientras que la distribución del dolor de hombro en los luchadores era generalizada e incluía tanto el lado dominante como el no dominante en varios lugares. Los luchadores hombres con dolor de hombro en el momento tenían un IMC más alto en comparación con los luchadores hombres sin dolor de hombro en el momento; 25,2±2,6, 25 kg/m² vs. 23±2,3, 23 kg/m² (p=0,011, r=0,44). Por otra parte, las luchadoras con dolor en el momento tenían un IMC más bajo en comparación con las luchadoras sin dolor; 19,4±2, 18,9 kg/m² vs. 21,7±2,1, 22,2 kg/m² (p=0,045, r=0,41). Los jugadores de bádminton de este estudio tenían una menor prevalencia de dolor de hombro en el momento en comparación con estudios anteriores sobre jugadores de bádminton. Los luchadores con dolor de hombro en el momento tenían puntuaciones más bajas en la movilidad del hombro en varias direcciones en comparación con los luchadores sin dolor. Es probable que el dolor de hombro afecte el rendimiento deportivo y pueda provocar la aparición de otras lesiones. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2024-11-05 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/114 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 6 No 1 (2024): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 1-8 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 6 Núm. 1 (2024): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 1-8 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/114/213 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/114/220 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/114/247 Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/116 2025-04-07T18:29:31Z ijrss:ED

Editorial Editorial North, Julian Alder, David Poolton, Jamie Editorial International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2024-05-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/116 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 5 No 1 (2023): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; I International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 5 Núm. 1 (2023): Enero - Junio | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; I 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/116/182 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/116/274 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/116/275 Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/117 2025-04-07T18:29:23Z ijrss:ART

A Narrative Review - Exploring the Influence of the Menstrual Cycle on Badminton Performance Revisión narrativa – Exploración de la influencia del ciclo menstrual en el rendimiento en el bádminton y la aparición de lesiones del LCA Casermeiro Gamez, Maria Del Carmen Cabello-Manrique, David badminton menstrual cycle awareness ACL strength training bádminton ciclo menstrual concienciación LCA entrenamiento de fuerza To date, there exists a notable gap in research specifically exploring the influence of the menstrual cycle on female badminton athletes' performance during trainings and competitions. Existing scientific literature on the relationship between the menstrual cycle and sports performance, found through platforms like PubMed, Google Scholar among others, primarily draws insights from studies conducted in other sports such as handball, rugby, football, volleyball or athletics. The literature review for this study included fifteen articles, two of which were systematic reviews. The selected studies focused on healthy eumenorrheic female athletes, aged 17 to 30 years, who were not using contraceptive pills and were competed to at least in a national level. However, due to the natural diversity among women, and the multifactorial environment that influences the human being, reassuring that a certain type of training must be followed on a determined menstrual cycle’s phase or that a certain injury does occur primarily in a certain period of the cycle, remain unclear. Nevertheless, what it is evident is that numerous hormonals and physiological changes occur through the cycle, and that these changes might have an impact on the female athlete’s performance. Exploring this area through dedicated research and understanding these nuances can facilitate tailored training approaches to enhance performance and mitigate any associated challenges. Hence, normalizing discussions around the menstrual cycle and gaining familiarity with it, will play a role not only on the athlete performance but also on their well-being. Hasta la fecha, existe un vacío notable en la investigación que explora específicamente la influencia del ciclo menstrual en el rendimiento de las atletas de bádminton durante los entrenamientos y las competiciones. La literatura científica existente sobre la relación entre el ciclo menstrual y el rendimiento deportivo encontrada a través de plataformas como PubMed, Google Scholar, entre otras, se nutre principalmente de estudios realizados en otros deportes como balonmano, rugby, fútbol, voleibol o atletismo. La revisión bibliográfica para este estudio incluyó quince artículos, dos de los cuales son revisiones sistemáticas. Los estudios seleccionados se centraron en atletas mujeres eumenorreicas sanas de entre 17 y 30 años que no utilizaban pastillas anticonceptivas y que competían al menos a nivel nacional. Sin embargo, debido a la diversidad natural entre las mujeres y al entorno multifactorial que influye en el ser humano, asegurar que un determinado tipo de entrenamiento debe seguirse en una determinada fase del ciclo menstrual o que una determinada lesión se produce principalmente en un determinado periodo del ciclo, sigue siendo incierto. No obstante, lo que es evidente es que a lo largo del ciclo se producen numerosos cambios hormonales y fisiológicos que pueden repercutir en el rendimiento de las atletas. Explorar este ámbito mediante una investigación específica y comprender estos matices puede facilitar enfoques de entrenamiento adaptados para mejorar el rendimiento y mitigar cualquier dificultad asociada. Por lo tanto, normalizar los debates en torno al ciclo menstrual y familiarizarse con él no solo influirá en el rendimiento de las deportistas sino también en su bienestar.  International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2023-12-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/117 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 5 No 2 (2023): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 41-46 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 5 Núm. 2 (2023): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 41-46 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/117/188 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/117/207 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/117/281 Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/121 2025-05-22T15:02:09Z ijrss:ART

The relationship between tennis participation and wellbeing: a survey of 2287 adults La relación entre la participación en tenis y el bienestar: una encuesta con 2287 adultos Stubbs, Brendon Werneck, André tennis racket sports wellbeing mental health sport tenis deportes de raqueta bienestar salud mental deporte Sports participation is associated with better wellbeing in adults.  Despite its popularity globally, little is known about the relationship with tennis participation and wellbeing.  We conducted a survey in the United Kingdom to understand the relationship between playing tennis and wellbeing in adults.  A cross-sectional survey among healthy adults aged over 18 was conducted including tennis players and non-tennis players. Information was collected on sociodemographic, frequency of playing tennis, length played tennis for and a 10 item self-rated scale on State of Mind score (scored 0-100, higher scores=greater wellbeing).  Data were analysed using mean and standard deviations, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and chi-square tests to compare groups as well as zero-inflated negative binomial models for the main analysis. Tennis players presented 13% higher scores than their peers (69 vs. 61; p<0.001). In the main analysis, playing tennis was associated with a higher state of mind (IRR: 1.10; 95%CI: 1.07-1.13). All the categories of years playing tennis had higher state of mind compared to non-players (0-5 years: 1.11; 1.07-1.16. 5-10 years: 1.08; 1.02-1.15. >10 years: 1.10; 1.06-1.13). Only the category of >1day/week of playing tennis was associated with higher state of mind compared to the group with <1 day/week (1.08; 1.04-1.12). Tennis players that trained regularly without competing, also presented higher state of mind scores compared to those playing tennis for fun (1.07; 1.01-1.13). In conclusion, our survey suggests that playing tennis is associated with higher wellbeing.  Future large scale, prospective studies are required to understand the directionality of these findings. La participación en deportes de adultos es asociada con un mejor bienestar. A pesar de su popularidad a nivel global, se sabe poco sobre la relación entre la participación en tenis y el bienestar. Por lo tanto, se realizó una encuesta en Reino Unido para entender la relación entre jugar tenis y el bienestar en adultos. Se completó una encuesta transversal entre adultos saludables mayores de 18 años, la cual incluyó jugadores y no jugadores de tenis. La información recolectada estuvo relacionada con la sociodemogragfía, la frecuencia con la que jugaban tenis y por cuánto tiempo habían jugado. Adicionalmente, se incluyó una escala autoevaluada de 10 elementos sobre el estado de ánimo (de 0 a 100, mayor puntaje=mayor bienestar). Se analizaron los datos usando desviaciones media y estándar y las pruebas Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney y chi-cuadrado para comparar los grupos. También se utilizaron modelos binomiales negativos inflados a cero para el análisis principal. Los jugadores de tenis tuvieron puntajes un 13 % más altos que sus contrapartes (69 vs. 61; p<0.001). En el análisis principal, jugar tenis estuvo asociado con un mejor estado de ánimo (RTI: 1,10; 95 % IC: 1,07-1,13). Todas las categorías de años jugando tenis tuvieron un mejor estado de ánimo en comparación a los no jugadores (0-5 años: 1,11; 1,07-1,16. 5-10 años: 1,08; 1,02-1,15. >10 años: 1,10; 1,06-1,13).  Solo la categoría de >1 día/semana jugando tenis fue asociada con un mejor estado de ánimo en comparación al del grupo con <1 día/semana (1,08; 1,04-1,12). Los jugadores de tenis que entrenaron de manera regular sin competir también presentaron puntajes superiores en el estado de ánimo en comparación con los que jugaban tenis por diversión (1,07; 1,01-1,13). En conclusión, nuestra encuesta sugiere que jugar tenis está asociado con un mayor bienestar. Es necesario realizar estudios prospectivos a mayor escala para entender la direccionalidad de estos hallazgos. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2024-12-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/121 10.30827/ijrss.33250 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 6 No 2 (2024): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 9-16 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 6 Núm. 2 (2024): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 9-16 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/121/238 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/121/284 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/121/285 Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/122 2025-05-13T14:38:43Z ijrss:ART

The Influence of Tennis Serve Kinematics on Ball Impact Sound and Post Impact Ball Speed and Spin Influencia de la cinemática del servicio de tenis en el sonido del impacto de la pelota y en la velocidad y el efecto de la pelota tras el impacto Takeda, Naoyuki Terashima, Osamu Kinoshita, Fumiya Touyama, Hideaki Yamada, Shuho tennis serve impact sound ball spin ball speed modal analysis motion capturing tenis servicio sonido de impacto efecto de la pelota velocidad de la pelota análisis modal captura de movimiento In this study, we examined the pressure levels of ball impact sounds during serving in tennis. Ten participants were recruited and instructed to serve from the Deuce and Advantage Courts in the Center and Wide directions. The sound pressure levels were measured and analyzed on the receiver side. High-speed cameras, motion capture, and racket excitation experiments were also conducted to assess the spin amount, initial velocity of the ball, and impact position of the racket during service. The results indicated that the ball impact sound during service is influenced by the racket's impact position, initial velocity of the ball, and spin amount of the ball. Furthermore, it was found that when the spin amount of the ball was high, the racket's impact position tended to deviate from the center, leading to a decrease in the ball impact sound. However, there was little difference in the tendencies observed in participants based on handedness or sex. These findings suggest that receivers can improve their accuracy in play by predicting the spin amount and velocity of the ball based on the ball impact sound. Additionally, servers can strive to strike the ball at the center of the racket and maintain the initial velocity of the ball, even when applying spin, to make their serves more difficult for receivers to predict. The p-value in the present experimental results is less than 0.47, and the discussion is based on results with certain significant differences. En este estudio se examinaron los niveles de presión de los sonidos del impacto de la pelota durante el servicio en tenis. Se seleccionaron diez participantes y se les indicó que sirvieran desde las canchas de deuce y advantage en las direcciones abierto y al cuerpo. Se midieron y analizaron los niveles de presión sonora en el lado del receptor. También se realizaron experimentos con cámaras de alta velocidad, captura del movimiento y excitación de la raqueta para evaluar la cantidad de efecto, la velocidad inicial de la pelota y la posición del impacto de la raqueta durante el servicio. Los resultados indicaron que el sonido del impacto de la pelota durante el servicio está influenciado por la posición del impacto de la raqueta, la velocidad inicial de la pelota y la cantidad de efecto de la pelota. Además, se observó que cuando el efecto de la pelota era alto, la posición del impacto de la raqueta tendía a desviarse del centro, lo que provocaba una disminución del sonido del impacto de la pelota. Sin embargo, no hubo grandes diferencias en las tendencias observadas en los participantes en función de su lateralidad o sexo. Estos resultados sugieren que los receptores pueden mejorar su precisión en el juego prediciendo la cantidad de efecto y la velocidad de la pelota basándose en el sonido del impacto. Adicionalmente, los servidores pueden esforzarse por golpear la pelota en el centro de la raqueta y mantener la velocidad inicial de la pelota, incluso cuando aplican efectos, para que sus servicios sean más difíciles de predecir para los receptores. El valor p en los resultados experimentales es inferior a 0,47 y la discusión se basa en resultados con ciertas diferencias significativas.  International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2024-11-05 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/122 10.30827/ijrss.33155 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 6 No 1 (2024): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 9-20 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 6 Núm. 1 (2024): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 9-20 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/122/214 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/122/221 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/122/248 Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/126 2025-05-13T14:39:19Z ijrss:ART

Invisible Wounds: The Cumulative Impact of Mental Injury and Positive Punishment in Junior Racket Sports - A Critical Analysis Heridas invisibles: el impacto acumulativo de las lesiones mentales y los castigos positivos en los deportes de raqueta juveniles ―Un análisis crítico Chia-Smith, Yun-Dih mental injury mental health junior athlete coaching style lesión mental salud mental atleta joven estilo de entrenamiento This article investigates into the combined impact of stress and the use of discipline, in youth racket sports like badminton, tennis, squash and table tennis. It sheds light on how pressures, often underestimated or misjudged can build up over time significantly impacting an athlete’s performance and overall well-being. The article identifies the progression from stress to mental health issues that can leave lasting psychological scars. Furthermore, it touches upon how criticism from coaches or parents can worsen these issues potentially leading to feelings of anxiety, burnout or depression. The article stresses the significance of detection, communication and bring awareness proactive support for mental health to prevent lasting harm and promote healthier growth, in athletes. Este artículo investiga el impacto combinado del estrés y el uso de la disciplina en deportes de raqueta juveniles como el bádminton, el tenis, el squash y el tenis de mesa. Los resultados clarifican cómo las presiones, a menudo subestimadas o juzgadas erróneamente, pueden acumularse con el tiempo y afectar significativamente el rendimiento y el bienestar general del deportista. Este artículo identifica la progresión del estrés a problemas de salud mental que pueden dejar cicatrices psicológicas duraderas. Además, se aborda el modo en que las críticas de entrenadores o padres pueden agravar estos problemas y provocar sentimientos de ansiedad, burnout o depresión. El artículo subraya la importancia de la detección, la comunicación y la concienciación del apoyo proactivo a la salud mental para prevenir daños duraderos y promover un crecimiento más saludable en los deportistas.  International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2024-11-05 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/126 10.30827/ijrss.33192 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 6 No 1 (2024): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 21-23 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 6 Núm. 1 (2024): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 21-23 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/126/215 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/126/222 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/126/249 Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/128 2025-05-13T14:38:05Z ijrss:ART

Badminton racket deflection, comparison between rigid versus flexible according to different strokes Deflexión de la raqueta de bádminton: comparación entre rígida y flexible en diferentes golpes Phomsoupha, Michael Ibrahime, Stephane Laffaye, Guillaume performance equipment biomechanic sport science technology rendimiento equipamiento biomecánica ciencia del deporte tecnología Badminton shuttlecock generate the highest projectile velocity among all sports. To deliver a powerful stroke, the design of a badminton racket is primordial, especially the deflection on the shaft. The purpose of the study was to analyse the gain of racket deflection compares with a rigid racket during four different strokes. Eight national and international standard badminton players participated in this study and performed a drop, a clear, a smash and a full smash. Six reflective markers were affixed to the racket and were recorded with Vicon cameras capture system set. Results showed racket deflection increased racket head velocity by shaft deflection by +13.2% during a full smash and a typical time around 60 ms during which the player accelerates the racket head. The gain obtained between head velocity related to the handle by +74% during a full smash. The deflection is caused by the relation between player ability, racket mass repartition and stiffness properties of the shaft. Finding suggest players should choose a racket with their badminton stroke pattern, especially the timing of the preparation phase before the impact with the shuttlecock to obtain the higher deflection and the best energy restitution during the impact. El volante de bádminton genera la mayor velocidad de proyectil de todos los deportes. Para realizar un golpe potente, el diseño de una raqueta de bádminton es primordial, especialmente la deflexión en la varilla. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la ganancia de deflexión de una raqueta flexible en comparación con una raqueta rígida durante cuatro golpes diferentes. Ocho jugadores de bádminton de nivel nacional e internacional participaron en este estudio y realizaron un drop, un clear, un smash y un full smash. Se colocaron seis marcadores reflectivos en la raqueta y se grabaron con el sistema de captura de cámaras Vicon. Los resultados mostraron que la deflexión de la raqueta aumenta la velocidad de la cabeza de la raqueta por la deflexión de la varilla en un +13,2 % durante un full smash y un tiempo típico de alrededor de 60 ms durante el cual el jugador acelera la cabeza de la raqueta. La ganancia obtenida entre la velocidad de la cabeza se relacionó con el mango en un +74 % durante el full smash. La deflexión se debe a la relación entre la habilidad del jugador, la distribución de la masa de la raqueta y las propiedades de rigidez de la varilla. Los resultados sugieren que los jugadores deberían elegir una raqueta que se ajuste a su patrón de golpeo en bádminton, especialmente al momento de la fase de preparación antes del impacto con el volante, para obtener la mayor deflexión y la mejor restitución de energía durante el impacto. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2024-11-20 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/128 10.30827/ijrss.33203 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 6 No 1 (2024): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 32-38 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 6 Núm. 1 (2024): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 32-38 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/128/217 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/128/224 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/128/251 Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/129 2025-05-22T15:02:09Z ijrss:ART

Pickleball Flight Dynamics Dinámica de vuelo en pickleball Emond, Kye Sun, Weiran Swartz, Tim B. pickleball projectile motion strategy pickleball movimiento de proyectiles estrategia This paper considers the flight dynamics of the ball in the sport of pickleball. Various simplifications are introduced according to the features of the game. These simplifications and some approximations enable straightforward coding to study aspects of the game such as the trajectory of the ball and its velocity. In turn, strategic questions may be addressed that have not been previously considered. In particular, our primary research question involves the preference between playing with the wind versus against the wind. It is demonstrated that playing against the wind is often preferable than playing with the wind. Este artículo estudia la dinámica de vuelo de la pelota en el deporte del pickleball. Se introducen diversas simplificaciones en función de las características del juego, las cuales, junto con algunas aproximaciones, permiten una codificación sencilla para estudiar aspectos del juego como la trayectoria de la pelota y su velocidad. A su vez, se pueden abordar cuestiones estratégicas que no se habían considerado anteriormente. En concreto, la pregunta principal de investigación tiene que ver con la preferencia entre jugar con el viento o contra el viento. Se demuestra que jugar contra el viento es a menudo preferible en comparación a jugar con el viento. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2024-12-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/129 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 6 No 2 (2024): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 1-8 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 6 Núm. 2 (2024): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 1-8 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/129/239 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/129/282 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/129/283 Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/130 2025-05-13T14:45:25Z ijrss:ART

Perception Training Approach for Elite Badminton Players Using Visual Obstacle Kumar, P Kasthuri Thilagam, P Ajithkumar, L badminton perceptual training one-way mirror anticipation visual obstacle Badminton is a fast-paced sport that requires not only physical fitness but also strong mental skills like anticipation and quick decision-making. This study introduces a new training method called “One-Way Mirror Perceptual Training”, which uses a one-way mirror to block players' view of their opponent, forcing them to rely on their perception and reaction skills instead of visual cues. Twenty male badminton players aged 13-25 were divided into two groups: an experimental group that received the special training for six weeks and a control group that continued with regular practice. The training focused on improving agility, reaction time, coordination, and accuracy. Performance was measured before and after the training using tests like the Four Corner Run Test (FCRT) and agility drills. The experimental group showed significant improvement, with faster reaction times, better movement, and higher performance scores, while the control group had little change. These results suggest that the One-Way Mirror Perceptual Training helps players improve their mental and physical skills, making them more prepared for high-level competition. This study highlights the importance of including perceptual training in badminton and suggests that similar methods could be useful in other fast-paced sports. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2025-01-05 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/130 10.30827/ijrss.33205 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 6 No 1 (2024): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 39-45 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 6 Núm. 1 (2024): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 39-45 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/130/218 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/130/225 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/130/252 Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/132 2025-10-14T18:28:30Z ijrss:ART

Is clay court the best tennis surface? A narrative review English Lisi, Rodolfo Colombo, Federico Rodano, Renato Frigo, Carlo Albino tennis surfaces clay court hard court grass court injuries This paper aims to demonstrate that clay courts are likely the most suitable playing surfaces in terms of muscle contraction, efficiency and the reduction of risk factors associated with the viscoelastic and frictional properties of the surfaces themselves. The style of play, with more or less frequent accelerations, decelerations and changes of direction, the duration of the match and the frequent tournaments on different playing surfaces can be additional risk factors. In fact, it has been shown that muscles are sensitive to surface stiffness and that frequent playing on different surfaces can be associated with lower limb injuries. Furthermore the busy calendar of ATP (Association of Tennis Professionals) and WTA (Women's Tennis Association) is stigmatised because it is characterized by the sudden transition from hard to clay and/or clay to grass without the necessary gradualness, thus preventing proper motor adaptation. The aims of this work emerge from literature and from a biomechanical-theoretical analysis of the loads that result in the musculoskeletal system by human and playing surface interaction. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2025-05-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/132 10.30827/ijrss.33666 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 7 No 1 (2025): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 1-11 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 7 Núm. 1 (2025): Enero - Junio | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 1-11 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/132/255 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/132/261 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/132/268 Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/136 2025-05-13T14:40:13Z ijrss:ART

Impact Evaluation Planning and Socio-Educational Legacy through Volunteering. A Narrative Review associated with the 2021 Badminton World Championships Planificación de la evaluación de impacto y legado socioeducativo a través del voluntariado. Una revisión narrativa asociada al Campeonato Mundial de Bádminton 2021 Quirante Mañas, Maria Cabello-Manrique, David socio-educational impact volunteering planning legacy evaluation impacto socioeducativo voluntariado planificación legado evaluación This manuscript examines the gap in the literature on the planning and evaluation of socio-educational impact and legacy through volunteering at sport events. The existing scientific literature on impact and legacy planning of sport events focuses on economic impact. Sport events not only have an economic impact, but are also a key tool for fostering social cohesion, inclusion and the development of personal and professional skills in volunteers. The literature review for this study included eleven articles focusing on the impact of sport events of different dimensions on the socio-educational area through volunteering. Through rigorous planning and proper impact assessment, it is possible to maximize these benefits and ensure a lasting legacy in host communities. The study proposes the creation of BEAT, Badminton Events Assessment Tool, a comprehensive tool to plan and measure socio-educational impact in a structured way, facilitating the collection of key indicators before, during and after the event. Este manuscrito examina el vacío existente en la literatura sobre la planificación y evaluación del impacto socioeducativo y el legado a través del voluntariado en eventos deportivos. La literatura científica existente sobre la planificación del impacto y el legado de los acontecimientos deportivos se centra en el impacto económico. Los eventos deportivos no sólo tienen un impacto económico, sino que también son una herramienta clave para fomentar la cohesión social, la inclusión y el desarrollo de habilidades personales y profesionales en los voluntarios. La revisión bibliográfica para este estudio incluyó once artículos centrados en el impacto de eventos deportivos de diferentes dimensiones en el ámbito socioeducativo a través del voluntariado. Mediante una planificación rigurosa y una evaluación adecuada del impacto, es posible maximizar estos beneficios y garantizar un legado duradero en las comunidades de acogida. El estudio propone la creación de BEAT, Badminton Events Assessment Tool, una herramienta integral para planificar y medir el impacto socioeducativo de forma estructurada, facilitando la recogida de indicadores clave antes, durante y después del evento.   International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2024-11-05 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/136 10.30827/ijrss.33197 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 6 No 1 (2024): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 24-31 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 6 Núm. 1 (2024): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 24-31 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/136/216 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/136/223 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/136/250 Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/138 2025-10-27T23:50:25Z ijrss:ART

Effect Of Badminton Sport in Improving Heart Rate Variability and Body Composition of Overweight and Obese Amateur Badminton Players – A Randomized Control Trial Efecto del bádminton en la mejora de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca y la composición corporal de jugadores aficionados con sobrepeso y obesidad: ensayo controlado aleatorio Dominic, Dobson Thirugnana Sambandam, Sneha Anburaj, Harshavardhini recreational sports weight management BMI autonomic nerve system HRV badminton player aerobic training fat loss weight loss and obesity deportes recreativos control del peso IMC sistema nervioso autónomo VFC jugador de bádminton entrenamiento aeróbico pérdida de grasa pérdida de peso y obesidad Regular physical exercise enhances autonomic function in obese individuals, as indicated by heart rate variability (HRV). While badminton, a high-intensity interval sport, may offer similar benefits, its empirical investigation remains limited. This single-blind, randomized control trial evaluated the impact of badminton on heart rate variability (HRV) and body composition in overweight and obese (BMI between 23 and 30 kg/m2) recreational players. 100 participants were randomly assigned to either a badminton intervention group or a control group. The intervention group engaged in 60-90 minutes of moderate- intensity badminton and gym-based resistance training, while the control group followed a regimen combining gym-based aerobic exercise and resistance training. Baseline and post-intervention measurements included HRV indices, total body fat percentage (TBF%), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and body mass index (BMI). Results showed significant improvements in HRV for both groups, with the intervention group exhibiting greater increases in Root Mean Square of Successive Differences (RMSSD) (41.32±10.58 to 58.06±5.57) and Standard Deviation of Normal R-R intervals (SDNN) (50.94±10.91 to 62.16±5.97) compared to the control group (RMSSD: p = 0.026; SDNN: p<0.001). Additionally, both groups experienced significant reductions in BMI and TBF%, with the intervention group showing more pronounced changes (BMI: p<0.001; TBF%: p<0.001 and WHR :p<0.001). The findings suggest that structured badminton training effectively enhances HRV and improves body composition in overweight and obese individuals, supporting its potential as a beneficial physical activity for this population. Future studies should explore the long-term effects of badminton on diverse populations to validate its benefits further. El ejercicio físico regular mejora la función autonómica en personas con obesidad, tal y como indica la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca (VFC). Aunque el bádminton, un deporte de alta intensidad por intervalos, puede ofrecer beneficios similares, su investigación empírica sigue siendo limitada. Este ensayo controlado aleatorio y simple ciego evaluó el impacto del bádminton en la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca (VFC) y la composición corporal en jugadores recreativos con sobrepeso y obesidad (IMC entre 23 y 30 kg/m2). 100 participantes fueron asignados aleatoriamente a un grupo de intervención de bádminton o a un grupo de control. El grupo de intervención practicó entre 60 y 90 minutos de bádminton de intensidad moderada y entrenamiento de resistencia en el gimnasio, mientras que el grupo de control siguió un régimen que combinaba ejercicio aeróbico en el gimnasio y entrenamiento de resistencia. Las mediciones iniciales y posteriores a la intervención incluyeron índices de VFC, porcentaje de grasa corporal total (%GCT), índice cintura-cadera (ICC) e índice de masa corporal (IMC). Los resultados mostraron mejoras significativas en la VFC en ambos grupos, y el grupo de intervención presentó mayores aumentos en la media cuadrática de las diferencias sucesivas (RMSSD) (41,32 ± 10,58 a 58,06 ± 5,57) y la desviación estándar de los intervalos R-R normales (SDNN) (50,94 ± 10,91 a 62,16 ± 5,97) en comparación con el grupo de control (RMSSD: p = 0,026; SDNN: p<0,001). Además, ambos grupos experimentaron reducciones significativas en el IMC y el %GCT, con cambios más pronunciados en el grupo de intervención (IMC: p<0,001; %GT: p<0,001 y ICC :p<0,001). Los resultados sugieren que el entrenamiento estructurado de bádminton mejora eficazmente la VFC y la composición corporal en personas con sobrepeso y obesidad, lo que respalda su potencial como actividad física beneficiosa para esta población. En futuros estudios se deberían explorar los efectos a largo plazo del bádminton en diversas poblaciones para validar aún más sus beneficios. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2025-10-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/138 10.30827/ijrss.35098 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 7 No 2 (2025): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science (ONLINE FIRST); 8-20 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 7 Núm. 2 (2025): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science (ONLINE FIRST); 8-20 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/138/294 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/138/296 Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/139 2025-05-22T15:02:09Z ijrss:ART

Technology is effective in aiding reflection and coaching behavior in youth tennis coaches La reflexión mediada por la tecnología mejora el comportamiento de los entrenadores de tenis juvenil Glen, Jonathan Lavallee, David behavior coaching intervention racket sports technology conducta entrenamiento intervención deportes de raqueta tecnología Sports coaches have an important role to play in the development of their participants. One way that coaches can do this effectively is to ensure their behavior is appropriate for the people they coach. Previous research has highlighted that coaches are unaware of their behavior and how this impacts their participants. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of technology on reflection in sports coaches and explore the influence of enhanced critical reflection on coaching behavior. The study was underpinned by theoretical frameworks on reflection. In this study, three experienced and qualified tennis coaches were video- and audio-recorded three times over nine weeks delivering sessions to youth participants. Coaches had their behavior coded using the Arizona State University Observation Inventory. After each session, coaches reflected on recordings and sent reflections to researchers. Follow-up interviews were conducted with each coach. The results showed increased self-awareness of behavior, increased quality of reflection, and enhanced coaching behavior. The study findings suggest that technology is effective in aiding reflection and coaching behavior in youth tennis coaches. National Governing Bodies, clubs and coach developers use similar interventions to enhance the quality of coaching. Los entrenadores deportivos desempeñan un papel importante en el desarrollo de sus deportistas. Una forma en que los entrenadores pueden hacer esto de manera efectiva es asegurándose de que su comportamiento sea apropiado para las personas a las que entrenan. Investigaciones anteriores han encontrado que los entrenadores no son conscientes de su comportamiento y de cómo este afecta a sus deportistas. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la eficacia de la tecnología en la reflexión de los entrenadores deportivos y explorar la influencia de una mayor reflexión crítica en el comportamiento de los entrenadores. El estudio se basó en marcos teóricos sobre la reflexión. En este estudio se grabaron en video y audio tres veces durante nueve semanas a entrenadores de tenis experimentados y cualificados (n = 3) impartiendo sesiones a deportistas jóvenes (n = 7). Se codificó el comportamiento de los entrenadores utilizando el Instrumento de Observación de la Universidad Estatal de Arizona (ASUOI). Después de cada sesión, los entrenadores reflexionaron sobre las grabaciones y enviaron sus reflexiones a los investigadores. Se realizaron entrevistas de seguimiento con cada entrenador. Los resultados mostraron una mayor conciencia de la conducta, una mayor calidad de la reflexión y una mejora en la conducta de entrenamiento. Los resultados del estudio sugieren que la tecnología es eficaz para ayudar a la reflexión y a la conducta de entrenamiento en los entrenadores de tenis juvenil. A partir de esto, se recomienda que los órganos rectores nacionales, los clubes y los formadores de entrenadores utilicen intervenciones similares para mejorar la calidad del entrenamiento. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2024-12-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/139 10.30827/ijrss.33383 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 6 No 2 (2024): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 17-30 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 6 Núm. 2 (2024): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 17-30 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/139/235 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/139/286 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/139/287 Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/140 2025-05-22T15:02:09Z ijrss:ART

Physical Growth and Biological Maturity Status of Young Table Tennis Players Crecimiento físico y madurez biológica de jugadores jóvenes de tenis de mesa Ödemiş, Hasan Söğüt, Mustafa racket sports talent identification youth athletes biological maturation physical growth deportes de raqueta identificación de talentos atletas jóvenes maduración biológica crecimiento físico Although table tennis is a popular sport played by millions of people regularly and competitively, and the studies devoted to table tennis are increasing, the extent of literature on the growth and maturity status of young table tennis players is not extensive. The present study aimed to assess the growth and maturity status of young medal-winning table tennis players and compare them with non-medal-winning players.  A group of 117 competitive players, consisting of 57 males (12.87±1.35 years) and 60 females (12.99±1.24 years), underwent measurements of standing height, sitting height, and body mass. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by dividing weight (in kilograms) by the square of height (in meters), and growth status was determined using a reference database. Somatic maturity status was estimated using age at peak height velocity (APHV) and maturity offset, calculated by the difference between APHV and chronological age. The results indicated that the mean height, body mass, and BMI percentiles of both genders were higher than the 37th percentile when compared to normative references. There were no significant differences in terms of growth and maturity status between medal-winning and non-medal-winning players in both genders. The study suggests that coaches might consider closely monitoring the growth and maturity levels of their players and potentially consider adjusting training strategies based on the players' physical characteristics. These findings could contribute valuable insights into talent identification Aunque el tenis de mesa es un deporte popular practicado por millones de personas de forma regular y competitiva, y los estudios dedicados al tenis de mesa van en aumento, la literatura sobre el crecimiento y la madurez de los jugadores jóvenes de tenis de mesa no es extensa. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el estado de crecimiento y madurez de jóvenes jugadores de tenis de mesa ganadores de medallas y compararlos con jugadores no ganadores de medallas. Se midió la altura de pie, la altura sentados y la masa corporal de un grupo de 117 jugadores de competición compuesto por 57 hombres (12,87 ± 1,35 años) y 60 mujeres (12,99 ± 1,24 años). El índice de masa corporal (IMC) se calculó dividiendo el peso (en kilogramos) por el cuadrado de la altura (en metros) y el estado de crecimiento se determinó utilizando una base de datos de referencia. El estado de madurez somática se estimó utilizando la edad al pico de la velocidad de crecimiento (PVC) y el desfase madurativo fue calculado por la diferencia entre la edad al PVC y la edad cronológica. Los resultados indicaron que la estatura media, la masa corporal y los percentiles de IMC de ambos sexos eran superiores al percentil 37º en comparación con las referencias normativas. No hubo diferencias significativas en términos de crecimiento y estado de madurez entre los jugadores ganadores y no ganadores de medallas en ambos sexos. El estudio sugiere que los entrenadores podrían considerar la posibilidad de vigilar de cerca los niveles de crecimiento y madurez de sus jugadores y, potencialmente, considerar ajustar las estrategias de entrenamiento en función de las características físicas de los jugadores. Estos hallazgos podrían aportar valiosos conocimientos sobre la identificación de talentos, el desarrollo físico y su posible influencia en el rendimiento en el tenis de mesa juvenil. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2024-12-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/140 10.30827/ijrss.33432 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 6 No 2 (2024): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 31-39 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 6 Núm. 2 (2024): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 31-39 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/140/244 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/140/288 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/140/289 Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/141 2025-05-22T15:02:09Z ijrss:ART

Analysis of successive badminton matches accumulation on neuromuscular fatigue and perceived effort in a national badminton competition Análisis del efecto de la acumulación sucesiva de partidos de bádminton en la fatiga neuromuscular y el esfuerzo percibido en una competición nacional de bádminton Rubio Arrabal, Carlos Barrera-Domínguez, Francisco J. Vázquez-Lorente, Héctor Planells, Elena Molina-López, Jorge competition fatigue performance badminton youth competición fatiga rendimiento bádminton joven The present study explores how fatigue evolves throughout a single-day national badminton tournament involving five consecutive matches, by examining subjective and objective metrics. Eleven U-17 athletes (14-16 years old; 45% women) were evaluated in a real competition using subjective assessments, including the rate of perceived exertion (RPE), session RPE (sRPE), the muscular fatigue visual analog scale (MFVAS), and the total quality recovery test (TQR), as well as objective measures like countermovement jump peak height (CMJh), drop jump peak height (DJh), and drop jump reactive strength index (RSI) before and after each match. Results showed significantly higher RPE, sRPE, and MFVAS scores and significantly lower CMJh and DJh values in the last matches compared to the first (p<0.05; large effect). sRPE showed a positive moderate-strong relationship with match characteristics, including the number of points (p<0.01), sets played (p<0.05), and match duration (p<0.01). The findings indicate that RPE, sRPE, and MFVAS are the most sensitive metrics for assessing fatigue, with DJh being more effective than CMJh among objective measures, while RSI and TQR showed limited sensitivity. These results offer coaches practical tools for monitoring athlete fatigue during competitions. El presente estudio explora cómo evoluciona la fatiga a lo largo de un torneo nacional de bádminton de un solo día que incluyó cinco partidos consecutivos, examinando métricas subjetivas y objetivas. Once atletas sub-17 (14-16 años; 45% mujeres) fueron evaluados en una competición real utilizando evaluaciones subjetivas, incluyendo la tasa de esfuerzo percibido (RPE), la RPE de la sesión (sRPE), la escala visual analógica de fatiga muscular (MFVAS) y la prueba de recuperación de calidad total (TQR), así como medidas objetivas como la altura máxima del salto con contramovimiento (CMJh), la altura máxima del salto con caída (DJh) y el índice de fuerza reactiva del salto con caída (RSI) antes y después de cada partido. Los resultados mostraron puntuaciones significativamente más altas de RPE, sRPE y MFVAS y valores significativamente más bajos de CMJh y DJh en los últimos partidos en comparación con el primero (p<0,05; gran efecto). El sRPE mostró una relación positiva, moderada-fuerte, con las características del partido, incluyendo el número de puntos (p<0,01), los sets jugados (p<0,05) y la duración del partido (p<0,01). Los hallazgos indican que el RPE, el sRPE y la MFVAS son las métricas más sensibles para evaluar la fatiga, siendo el DJh más eficaz que el CMJh entre las medidas objetivas, mientras que el RSI y el TQR mostraron una sensibilidad limitada. Estos resultados ofrecen a los entrenadores herramientas prácticas para monitorizar la fatiga de los atletas durante las competiciones. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2024-12-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/141 10.30827/ijrss.33057 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 6 No 2 (2024): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 40-48 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 6 Núm. 2 (2024): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 40-48 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/141/243 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/141/290 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/141/291 Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/142 2025-10-14T18:28:30Z ijrss:ART

Quantifying and Predicting Momentum in Tennis Match via Machine Learning Approach Liu, Chang Yang, Jiangyan Cui, Yixiong Result Prediction Gradient Boosting Decision Tree Sports Performance Analysis This study aims to identify and analyze momentum shifts in tennis, developing a data-driven model to quantify and predict these shifts and assess their influence on match outcomes. Using data from 6 tournaments, including 564 matches and over 135,000 points, this study constructed a momentum calculation model integrating 14 weighted match factors such as point progression, server advantage, and player ranking differences. The model incorporates adjustments for set discontinuities and initial momentum based on player rankings to enhance predictive accuracy. Following data processing and validation, a Kappa consistency test was performed on the 2023 Wimbledon Championship data, yielding a high alignment with actual outcomes (Kappa = 0.96). Using a Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) regression model, the study achieved a high accuracy in predicting momentum shifts, identifying key variables such as serve advantage and score gaps as primary indicators of performance dynamics. This model further revealed that players' momentum tends to stabilize at critical points, such as 40:30, while fluctuating more at disadvantageous scores. These findings highlight the model's utility for pre-match analysis, enabling detailed insights into opponents' tactical patterns and psychological responses under varying score conditions. Overall, this momentum model provides valuable applications for enhancing player preparation and in-game strategic adjustments, offering coaches and players a quantifiable tool to interpret and influence match outcomes. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2025-08-07 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/142 10.30827/ijrss.34569 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 7 No 1 (2025): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 46-58 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 7 Núm. 1 (2025): Enero - Junio | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 46-58 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/142/260 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/142/266 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/142/273 Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/143 2025-09-18T00:18:50Z ijrss:ART

Physical strength factors affecting the competitive level of Japanese male tennis players Factores de fuerza física que afectan el nivel competitivo de tenistas hombres japoneses Koya, Nahoko Kitamura, Tetsu physical strength competitive ranking tennis training indicator fuerza física clasificación competitiva tenis indicador de entrenamiento Technical skills are predominant factors in tennis, so players spend a significant amount of time on court technical training with a racket. Devoting the same time as on-court technical training to physical training without a racket is quite difficult. However, as the competition level increases, many players realize the importance of their physical strength and fitness. From the perspective that higher physical strength is required depending on the competition level, clarifying the extent of the difference between domestic and global levels will be a practically useful and developmental training indicator. Therefore, this study aimed to identify physical strength factors that serve as a guideline for competing internationally and examine physical strength indicators in 54 Japanese male tennis players. The players performed five physical strength tests (5-meter sprint, T-test, 505 agility test, vertical jump, and medicine ball throw (MBT)). Multiple regression analysis was performed, and a significant regression equation was extracted, with the MBT and T-test as independent variables, which could predict competitive rankings (Y=11032.87+845.34x1 − 5768.43X2 (x1: MBT, x2: T-test), F=17.67, p<0.001). The contribution rate of this equation was 41.9% (r=0.647); approximately 42% of competitive rankings could be explained by the MBT and T-test. The novel finding of this study is that for Japanese male tennis players to become world-class players, physical strength factors related to the MBT and T-test could be strengthened. Furthermore, these indicators could be used to identify talents among junior players. Las habilidades técnicas son factores predominantes en el tenis, por lo que los jugadores dedican una cantidad significativa de tiempo al entrenamiento técnico en la cancha con raqueta. Dedicar exactamente el mismo tiempo al entrenamiento técnico en la cancha y al entrenamiento físico sin raqueta es bastante difícil. Sin embargo, a medida que aumenta el nivel de competición, muchos jugadores se dan cuenta de la importancia de su fuerza y estado físico. Desde la perspectiva de que se requiere una mayor fuerza física según el nivel de competición, aclarar el alcance de la diferencia entre los niveles nacionales e internacionales será un indicador del desarrollo del entrenamiento útil desde el punto de vista práctico. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los factores de fuerza física que sirven de guía para competir a nivel internacional y examinar los indicadores de fuerza física en 54 tenistas hombres japoneses. Los jugadores realizaron cinco pruebas de fuerza física (sprint de 5 metros, prueba T, prueba de agilidad 505, salto vertical y lanzamiento de balón medicinal-MBT). Se realizó un análisis de regresión múltiple y se extrajo una ecuación de regresión significativa con la MBT y la prueba T como variables independientes, las cuales podían predecir las clasificaciones competitivas (Y=11032,87+845,34x1 − 5768,43X2 (x1: MBT, x2: prueba T), F=17,67, p<0,001). La tasa de contribución de esta ecuación fue del 41,9 % (r=0,647); aproximadamente el 42 % de las clasificaciones competitivas podían explicarse mediante la MBT y la prueba T. El hallazgo novedoso de este estudio es que, para que los tenistas japoneses se conviertan en jugadores de talla mundial, podrían reforzarse los factores de fuerza física relacionados con la MBT y la prueba T. Además, estos indicadores podrían utilizarse para identificar talentos entre los jugadores júnior. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2025-09-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/143 10.30827/ijrss.34914 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 7 No 2 (2025): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science (ONLINE FIRST); 1-7 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 7 Núm. 2 (2025): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science (ONLINE FIRST); 1-7 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/143/267 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/143/295 Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/144 2025-05-13T13:13:38Z ijrss:ED

Editorial Editorial Ruiz-Malagón, Emilio J. Editorial Gratitude is extended to David Cabello and Adrian Lees for the invitation to contribute to the International Journal of Racket Sport Science, both in the capacity of associate editor and by offering editorial reflections for volume 6. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2025-01-14 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml text/html https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/144 10.30827/ijrss.33153 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 6 No 1 (2024): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 6 Núm. 1 (2024): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/144/212 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/144/219 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/144/246 Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/147 2025-10-14T18:28:30Z ijrss:ART

Tournament Design in Doubles Pickleball Swartz, Tim Tang, Boxin mutually orthogonal Latin squares orthogonal arrays resolvable balanced incomplete block designs scheduling sports analytics This paper considers a common tournament design in doubles pickleball where N players compete across n matches. The research question involves the assignment of partners and opponents over the n matches. It is demonstrated that a particular design for the practical tournament corresponding to N=16 and n=5 has the desirable property that each player will either compete with or against every other player exactly once. Commentary is provided for other choices of N and n. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2025-07-22 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/147 10.30827/ijrss.34548 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 7 No 1 (2025): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 40-45 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 7 Núm. 1 (2025): Enero - Junio | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 40-45 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/147/259 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/147/265 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/147/272 Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/148 2025-10-14T18:28:30Z ijrss:ART

Tennis Doubles development: Two historical snapshots show enormous tactical changes at the professional level over 20 years El desarrollo de los dobles: dos momentos históricos muestran enormes cambios tácticos a nivel profesional a lo largo de 20 años Raasch, Katharina Theile, Andreas Ferrauti, Alexander history and development notational analysis ATP doubles Serve & Volley tactics historia y desarrollo análisis notacional dobles ATP tácticas de saque y volea We aimed to compare tactical characteristics in professional men´s tennis doubles by notational analysis of two historical samples of matches collected at least 20 years apart. Samples were taken either between 1985 and 1990 (D<1990: 57 matches, 9.305 points, 34.428 strokes) or in 2011 (D>2010: 8 matches, 1.002 points, 4.297 strokes) during official ATP tournaments. Players were internationally ranked (D<1990: 76 ± 89; D>2010: 102 ± 91) and all matches were played on clay courts following ITF rules. Notational analysis was done by tagging video recordings following the same self-programmed notation software model. Absolute and percentage numbers of stroke rates, winners, and errors as well as specific tactics for services (e. g. Serve & Volley), returns (e. g. Chip & Charge), volleys and groundstrokes (e. g. positioning) were analysed. Coding was done by two experienced tennis coaches. Interrater reliability was calculated by Cohen ́s Kappa and items with r < 0.9 were excluded. Differences between D<1990 and D>2010 were calculated by independent t-tests. Significance level was set at p<0.05. Rally length (3.7±0.3 vs. 4.2±0.5 strokes per point, p<0.001) increased significantly from D<1990 to D>2010. The percentage of serves (32.5±3.9 vs. 23.8±3.5 %) and volleys (25.1±4.0 vs. 17.3±5.7 %) decreased while the percentage of groundstrokes increased over time (8.8±3.6 vs. 26.9±7.0 %) (p<0.001). Serve & Volley application was reduced to one third in D>2010 (98.7±2.0 % vs 33.9±33.4 %) with a high individual variation. Positioning of Returns (more often behind the baseline) and volleys (shorter distance to the net) changed in D>2010 (p<0.001). Tactical characteristics in men´s tennis doubles completely changed within a time frame of 20 years mainly attributed to a decreased Serve & Volley application from most but not from all double players. The current variability in technical and tactical demands must be considered by individualized coaching guidelines. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar las características tácticas de dobles de tenis masculinos profesionales a través de un análisis notacional de dos muestras históricas de partidos recolectadas con al menos 20 años de diferencia. Las muestras fueron tomadas entre 1985 y 1990 (D<1990: 57 partidos, 9305 puntos, 34 428 golpes) o en 2011 (D>2010: 8 partidos, 1002 puntos, 4297 golpes) durante torneos ATP oficiales. Los jugadores fueron ranqueados internacionalmente (D<1990: 76 ± 89; D>2010: 102 ± 91) y todos los partidos fueron jugados en canchas de arcilla según las reglas de la ITF. El análisis notacional fue realizado etiquetando grabaciones de video siguiendo el mismo modelo de software de notación autoprogramado. Se analizaron las cifras absolutas y porcentuales de las tasas de golpes, los ganadores, los errores y las tácticas específicas en los saques (e. g. saque y volea), las devoluciones (e. g. chip and charge), las voleas y los golpes de fondo (e. g. posicionamiento). La codificación fue hecha por dos entrenadores de tenis experimentados. La fiabilidad interevaluador se calculó mediante el coeficiente Kappa de Cohen y los elementos con r < 0,9 fueron excluidos. Las diferencias entre D<1990 y D>2010 fueron calculadas con pruebas t independientes. El nivel de significancia se fijó en p<0,05. La duración del peloteo (3,7±0,3 vs. 4,2±0,5 golpes por punto, p<0,001) aumentó significativamente de D<1990 a D>2010. El porcentaje de saques (32,5±3,9 vs. 23,8±3,5 %) y de voleas (25,1±4,0 vs. 17,3±5,7 %) disminuyó, mientras que el porcentaje de golpes de fondo aumentó con el tiempo (8,8±3,6 vs. 26,9±7,0 %) (p<0,001). La aplicación del saque y volea se redujo a un tercio en D>2010 (98,7±2,0 % vs 33,9±33,4 %) con una alta variación individual. El posicionamiento en las devoluciones (más frecuentemente detrás de la línea de fondo) y las voleas (menor distancia a la red) cambió en D>2010 (p<0,001). Las características tácticas en los dobles de tenis masculinos cambiaron completamente en un periodo de 20 años, y se le atribuye principalmente a la disminución en la implementación del saque y volea por parte de la mayoría, pero no todos los jugadores de dobles. La variabilidad actual en las demandas técnicas y tácticas debe ser considerada en guias de entrenamiento individuales. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2025-07-09 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/148 10.30827/ijrss.34013 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 7 No 1 (2025): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 12-20 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 7 Núm. 1 (2025): Enero - Junio | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 12-20 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/148/256 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/148/262 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/148/269 Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/149 2025-10-14T18:28:30Z ijrss:ART

Lower limb landing mechanics of scissor-kick jumps in elite badminton players Mecánica de aterrizaje de las extremidades inferiores en saltos con patada de tijera en jugadores de bádminton de élite Nedergaard, Niels Kaldau, Niels Christian Hölmich, Per Bencke, Jesper forehand stroke jump height footwork joint loading golpe de derecha altura del salto juego de pies carga articular Scissor-kick jumps are frequently employed by elite badminton players when performing forehand jump strokes from the rear court forehand side. The joint loads experienced during the landing phase may contribute to the high number of lower limb injuries, yet our understanding of these loads is limited. This exploratory study comprehensively evaluates the lower limb joint mechanics during scissor-kick jump landings in elite male badminton players. Ten Danish national male players performed three variations of the scissor-kick jump in a biomechanical laboratory: submaximal jumps from a static position, maximal jumps from a static position, and jumps with game-like backward chassé steps. We recorded the landing 3-dimensional joint kinematics and kinetics of the racket-leg using a 10-camera motion capture system and a force platform. Our analysis using statistical parametric mapping one-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed no significant differences in the hip, knee, and ankle joint angles, moments, and power waveforms during the landing phase across the three jump variations. Indicating that elite male badminton players landing mechanics are not altered by increased jump height or the inclusion of preceding game-like footwork. We observed that the triceps surae muscles absorb 41% of the total eccentric joint work during the landing phase, indicating their crucial role in managing landing impacts. Additionally, the initial landing phase is characterized by high external knee and hip extensor and adductor moments. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating exercises targeting the triceps surae muscles and Achilles tendons in badminton-specific training programs to prepare players for the high eccentric loads during scissor-kick jump landings. The high hip, knee and ankle joint loads identified in this study may contribute to the high incidence of lower limb injuries in elite badminton. Los saltos con patada de tijera son frecuentemente usados por los jugadores de bádminton de élite cuando realizan golpes de derecha en salto desde la parte trasera de la cancha. Las cargas articulares que se producen durante la fase de aterrizaje pueden contribuir al elevado número de lesiones en las extremidades inferiores, pero nuestro conocimiento sobre estas cargas es limitado. Este estudio exploratorio evalúa de forma exhaustiva la mecánica articular de las extremidades inferiores durante los aterrizajes de saltos con patada de tijera en jugadores de bádminton de élite. Diez jugadores daneses de la selección nacional masculina realizaron tres variaciones del salto con patada de tijera en un laboratorio biomecánico: saltos submáximos desde una posición estática, saltos máximos desde una posición estática y saltos con pasos chassé hacia atrás similares a los del juego. Registramos la cinemática y la cinética tridimensionales de la articulación de la pierna de la raqueta durante el aterrizaje utilizando un sistema de captura de movimiento de 10 cámaras y una plataforma de fuerza. Nuestro análisis, realizado mediante un mapa paramétrico estadístico y un ANOVA unidireccional de medidas repetidas, no reveló diferencias significativas en los ángulos, los momentos y las ondas de potencia de las articulaciones de la cadera, la rodilla y el tobillo durante la fase de aterrizaje en las tres variaciones de salto. Esto indica que la mecánica de aterrizaje de los jugadores de bádminton de élite no se ve alterada por el aumento de la altura del salto o la inclusión de pasos similares a los del juego. Observamos que los músculos tríceps surales absorben el 41 % del trabajo excéntrico total de las articulaciones durante la fase de aterrizaje, lo que indica su papel crucial en la gestión de los impactos del aterrizaje. Además, la fase inicial de aterrizaje se caracteriza por altos momentos externos de extensión y aducción de la rodilla y la cadera. Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de incorporar ejercicios dirigidos a los músculos tríceps surales y los tendones de Aquiles en los programas de entrenamiento específicos para el bádminton, con el fin de preparar a los jugadores para las altas cargas excéntricas durante los aterrizajes de saltos con patada de tijera. Las altas cargas en las articulaciones de la cadera, la rodilla y el tobillo identificadas en este estudio pueden contribuir a la alta incidencia de lesiones en las extremidades inferiores en el bádminton de élite. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2025-07-22 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/149 10.30827/ijrss.34541 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 7 No 1 (2025): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 32-39 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 7 Núm. 1 (2025): Enero - Junio | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 32-39 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/149/258 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/149/264 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/149/271 Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/152 2025-10-14T18:28:30Z ijrss:ART

Sliding benchmarks might prevent de-selection of talented badminton players Los criterios de referencia variables podrían evitar la deselección de jugadores de bádminton talentosos Pion, Johan Norjali Wazir, Mohd Rozilee Wazir Faber, Irene Johnston, Kathryn Vansteenkiste, Pieter Lenoir, Matthieu Kamalden, Tengku-Fadilah talent identification athlete selection talent selection relative age maturity identificación de talento selección de atletas selección de talentos edad relativa madurez Despite potential advantages of talent identification practices, the degree of bias in decision-making due to relative age and maturity timing remains a concern. To investigate the impact of relative age and maturity on selection processes, and to examine the possible influence of an intervention aimed at minimizing the impact of relative age and maturity biases, thirty-three boys (Mage = 12.43y ± 0.36y) invited to compete for Badminton Malaysia, completed three anthropometrical measures, eight physical performance assessments, and five motor coordination tests. These players were tracked throughout their career to determine pathway progression (i.e., dropout or continuation) and their level of success (i.e., season-end rankings). With regards to the relative age of athletes and the initial selection to the U13 team, findings revealed that younger and less mature players were disadvantaged, since their morphology, physical fitness, and motor capacities were less developed than their peers. A sliding benchmark intervention was applied, where raw scores were adjusted. Although, the dropout rate from the U13 team was high (24/33 players, 73%), 6 of 9 remaining players of the national team achieved exceptional results, which were evident six years later. As a result of the sliding benchmark intervention, two relatively younger, late maturers with superior motor competence scores, were selected to the elite sport school. Without this intervention, both players might never have won the U21 World Championships. This paper examines the pathway of these competitive badminton athletes and discusses the potential value of applying a sliding benchmark intervention in competitive sport selection settings. A pesar de las posibles ventajas de las prácticas de identificación de talento, el grado de sesgo en la toma de decisiones debido a la edad relativa y el momento de madurez sigue siendo motivo de preocupación. Para investigar el impacto de la edad relativa y la madurez en los procesos de selección, y examinar la posible influencia de una intervención destinada a minimizar el impacto de los sesgos de edad relativa y madurez, treinta y tres jóvenes (edad promedio = 12,43a ± 0,36a) invitados a competir para Bádminton Malasia completaron tres medidas antropométricas, ocho evaluaciones de rendimiento físico y cinco pruebas de coordinación motora. Se realizó un seguimiento a estos jugadores a lo largo de su carrera para determinar la progresión de su trayectoria (i.e, abandono o continuación) y su nivel de éxito (i.e, clasificación al final de la temporada). En lo que respecta a la edad relativa de los atletas y la selección inicial para el equipo sub-13, los resultados revelaron que los jugadores más jóvenes y menos maduros se encontraban en desventaja, ya que su morfología, condición física y capacidades motoras estaban menos desarrolladas que las de sus compañeros. Se aplicó una intervención de puntos de referencia variables, en la que se ajustaron las puntuaciones brutas. Aunque la tasa de abandono del equipo sub-13 fue elevada (24/33 jugadores, 73 %), 6 de los 9 jugadores que permanecieron en la selección nacional obtuvieron resultados excepcionales, que se hicieron evidentes seis años después. Como resultado de la intervención con puntos de referencia variables, dos jugadores relativamente más jóvenes y de maduración tardía, con puntuaciones superiores en competencia motora, fueron seleccionados para la escuela deportiva de élite. Sin esta intervención, es posible que ninguno de los dos jugadores hubiera ganado el Campeonato Mundial Sub-21. Este artículo examina la trayectoria de estos atletas de bádminton de competición y analiza el valor potencial de aplicar una intervención con puntos de referencia variables en entornos de selección deportiva de competición. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2025-07-09 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/152 10.30827/ijrss.32952 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 7 No 1 (2025): January - June | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 21-31 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 7 Núm. 1 (2025): Enero - Junio | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 21-31 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/152/257 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/152/263 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/152/270 Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/155 2025-05-24T15:41:09Z ijrss:ART

International Sports Federations Voting System:  A Case Study of the Badminton World Federation Sistema de votación en federaciones deportivas internacionales: estudio de caso de la Federación Mundial de Bádminton Vaughan, Richard Berg, Torsten sports governance voting system model differential voting system International Sports Federation gobernanza deportiva modelo de sistema de votación sistema de votación diferenciada federación deportiva internacional This study examines the governance and voting power structures of International Sports Federations (IFs), with a specific focus on the Badminton World Federation (BWF) as a case study. For National Sports Associations (Members), democratic representation within IFs is fundamental to good governance, with voting systems serving as a key mechanism for equitable participation.This research critically evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of IF voting systems, proposing actionable reforms to enhance fairness and transparency. Benchmarking against governance models used by FIFA and the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the study explores the broader ap-plicability of differential voting structures. Additionally, the Sport Governance Observer (SGO) Index is employed as an analytical framework to assess governance quality, including transparency, decision-making, financial management, representation, inclusivity, and accountability mechanisms.The BWF employs a differential voting system for both governance decisions and elections at its Annual General Meeting (AGM), where Members are allocated between one and five votes based on their active participation in badminton. This study examines the historical evolution, operational framework, and implications of this system.Findings confirm that differential voting remains a viable governance model for IFs but underscore the need for well-defined, transparent, and verifiable criteria. Specifically, the study recommends that voting rights be allocated based on measurable engagement in the sport, such as development initiatives and competitive participation, ensuring a governance system that is both equitable and resistant to manipulation. Este estudio examina las estructuras de gobernanza y de poder de voto en federaciones deportivas internacionales (FI) con un enfoque específico en la Federación Mundial de Bádminton (BWF) como estudio de caso. Para las asociaciones deportivas nacionales (miembros), la representación democrática dentro de las FI es fundamental para una buena gobernanza, siendo los sistemas de votación un mecanismo clave para la participación equitativa. Esta investigación evalúa críticamente las fortalezas y debilidades de los sistemas de votación en las FI y propone reformas prácticas para mejorar la equidad y la transparencia. A través de la comparación con modelos de gobernanza utilizados por la FIFA y el Comité Olímpico Internacional (COI), el estudio explora la aplicabilidad más amplia de los sistemas de votación diferenciada. Además, se emplea el índice de Observación de Gobernanza Deportiva (SGO) como marco analítico para evaluar la calidad de la gobernanza, incluyendo la transparencia, la toma de decisiones, la gestión financiera, la representación, la inclusión y los mecanismos de rendición de cuentas. La BWF utiliza un sistema de votación diferenciada tanto para decisiones de gobernanza como para elecciones durante su Asamblea General Anual, en la que a los miembros se les asigna entre uno y cinco votos según su participación activa en el bádminton. Este estudio examina la evolución histórica, el marco operativo y las implicaciones de este sistema. Los hallazgos confirman que la votación diferenciada sigue siendo un modelo de gobernanza viable para las FI, pero resaltan la necesidad de contar con criterios bien definidos, transparentes y verificables. En concreto, se recomienda que los derechos de voto se asignen con base en una participación medible en el deporte, como iniciativas de desarrollo y participación competitiva, asegurando así un sistema de gobernanza equitativo y resistente a la manipulación. International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2025-04-20 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/155 10.30827/ijrss.33668 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 6 No 2 (2024): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 49-59 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 6 Núm. 2 (2024): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science; 49-59 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/155/253 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/155/292 https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/155/293 Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journal.racketsportscience.org:article/164 2026-01-04T02:05:58Z ijrss:ART

The relationships between the functional movement screening test (FMS) scores and technical and physical performance parameters in female tennis players Söğüt, Mustafa Racket sports athletic performance screening tests physical fitness female athletes Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test is a frequently used assessment tool that evaluates the fundamental movement patterns of athletes. However, there is a paucity of information on the relationship of FMS with the performance determinants in racket sports players. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the associations between FMS test scores and technical and physical performance parameters in recreational female tennis players. Twelve players (age = 24.2 ± 3.8 years) performed serve accuracy, serve speed, countermovement jump, grip strength, agility, linear speed, FMS tests and were measured for anthropometrics. The results revealed a positive and significant (p = 0.042) correlation between FMS score and serve accuracy performance. On the other hand, the FMS scores were not significantly associated with countermovement jump (p = 0.115), grip strength (p = 0.165), agility (p = 0.093), 10m sprint (p = 0.121), and serve speed (p = 0.514) performances. The findings highlighted that the movement quality scores evaluated through the FMS may not be associated with physical performance indicators in female tennis players.    International Journal of Racket Sports Science International Journal of Racket Sports Science 2025-12-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/164 International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol 7 No 2 (2025): July - December | International Journal of Racket Sports Science (ONLINE FIRST) International Journal of Racket Sports Science; Vol. 7 Núm. 2 (2025): Julio - Diciembre | International Journal of Racket Sports Science (ONLINE FIRST) 2695-4508 eng https://journal.racketsportscience.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/164/297 Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Racket Sports Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0